chapter 2: literature review
overview of the different areas I'll be looking at
city diplomacy // city international enagement
creative cities and urban cultural policy
international cultural relations/cultural diplomacy
urban foreign policy
introduction to ben barber's work
noting gaps in the research
how little has been done looking specificially around city international engagement around culture
including gaps in barber's approach to looking at culture and the arts in international city engagement
kicking this off with rodrigo's definition of city diplomacy/paradiplomacy
weaving in Ian Klaus' ideas
intro-ing the idea obsession around cultura and creativity in cities
starting with the two most notable on the subject, richard florida and charles landry
going into some of the texts on why and the ways in which cities invest in cultural ...
maybe intro ... defining the areas where cities tend to connect the most
michele acuto research on city networks
... and how its aims differ from federal-level foreign policy
introducing ideas around why cities are better at networking and collaborating than nations are
bring in the ideas of bridging v bonding capital
... and can bring in the idea of why the nation state is in decline...
*mentioning how international orgs like the UN are starting to turn their attention to cities // bring in note on habitat 3 // the report on sustainability urban development + culture
cities as being pragmatic by nature ... and how they have to be to create a tangible impact for their citizens
idea of interdependence (can use this as a segway into michele acuto's work at ucl
p. 70 - Barber's list of the qualities that make cities great international connectors
intro-ing idea of international cultural relations
and identifying why I'm using the term cultural relations rather than cultural diplomacy
bringing in his idea of the three ways that cities conduct diplomacy
idea of cities being the recipients of global megatrends not of their own making
*bringing back to the same point that Ian made that cities inherit megaissues not necessarily of their own making
This comes more to another idea that Barber mentions later on — that nations tend to exist in a zero-sum world, and are prone to competition by their very nature (if you look at the purview of the nation-level — particularly in the US— it centers around …) The idea that there was been little innovation in the way that nations govern themselves and collaborate.
also bring in the city diplomacy paper that person wrote
can also bring in notes from my conversation with him
and intro gap in the research so far on cultural networks in particular