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Berlioz: Symphonie Fantastique Mvt. 1 (Tempo/Rhythm/Metre (Common time…
Berlioz: Symphonie Fantastique Mvt. 1
Context
Romantic Era
Large scale orchestra
Programme music
Idée fixe
Symphonie Fantastique - 5 movement work
Performing Forces
Woodwind
Flutes & piccolo
Oboes
Clarinets
Bassoons
Brass
Horns
Trumpets
Cornets á pistons
Con sordino = with a mute/senza sordino = remove the mute
Percussion
Timpani (tuned to tonic & dominant)
Baguettes de bois = wooden sticks
Baguettes d'eponge = sponge sticks
Strings
Violins
Violas
Cellos
Double bass
Punta d'arco = play with tip of bow
Pizzicato
Double corde = double stopped
Tremolo
Texture
Varied with frequent changes
Independence given to the wind section
Monophonic textures
Unison writing in idée fixe
Dialogue/exchanges between strings
Melody-dominated homophony
Homophonic chordal texture as
religiosamente
section
Melody
Idée fixe = a recurring theme
Starts on the dominant
Leaps of a perfect 4th
Major 6th leap
Conjunct
Starts on a long note
Descending notes form 'sigh'-like motif
Second subject
Starts on a long note
Perfect 4th leap
Descending 'sigh' effect
Idée fixe used throughout
Ascending & descending arpeggios (bars 30-34)
Ascending sequence (bar 94)
Chromatic melodies (bar 107)
Repetition (bar 146)
Based on scales (bar 198)
Ornamentation
Some extreme leaps (bars 226-227)
Structure
Sonata form
Exposition
Development
Recapitulation
Coda
Bridge/transition
Tonality
C minor
Tonic major at bar 17 (C major)
Chromatic
Modulation to Ab major (bar 42)
Bridge/transition in Ab major
Moves through G major and E minor
Development & recapitulation starts in G major
Harmony
Diatonic
Functional
Chromatic harmony
Perfect cadences
Tonic pedal
Dominant pedal
Dissonance
4:3 suspension
Dominant 7th chords
Movement ends with plagal cadences
Tempo/Rhythm/Metre
Common time (4/4)
Simple quadruple
Alla breve (2/2)
Largo
Allegro agitato e appassionto assai
Quaver triplets at start
Crotchet triplets
Sextuplets
Idée fix starts with an anacrusis (bar 71)
Rests used to create a feeling of uncertainty
Movement concludes with longer durations
Syncopation used for dramatic effect (bars 43-45)
Moto perpetuo (bars 198-227)