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Physics Optics (Refraction of Light (Snell's Law (Formula, Described…
Physics Optics
Refraction of Light
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Snell's Law
Described quantitatively the amount of bending, that depends on the indices of refraction of the two media.
Relates the indices of refraction n of the two media to the directions of propagation in terms of the angles to the normal.
If the incident medium has the larger index of refraction, then the angle with the normal is increased by refraction. The larger index medium is commonly called the "internal" medium, since air with n=1 is usually the surrounding or "external" medium.
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The refraction of light when it passes from a fast medium to a slow medium bends the light ray toward the normal to the boundary between the two media.
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As the speed of light is reduced in the slower medium, the wavelength is shortened proportionately. The frequency is unchanged; it is a characteristic of the source of the light and unaffected by medium changes.
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Light
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Characteristics
Light waves are electromagnetic waves, whose nature is transverse. The speed of light in vacuum is 3 x 108 mls but it is different in different media.
The speed and wavelength of light change when it travels from one medium to another but its frequency remains unchanged.
Important terms
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Non-Luminous Objects
Objects which do not emit its own light but become visible due to the reflection of light falling on them.
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Image
The point that forms when a light ray coming from an object meets or appear to meet at a point after reflection or refraction.
Real Image
Image obtained by the real meeting of light rays. They can be obtained on a screen, and are inverted.
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Lenses and Mirrors
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Plane Mirror
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An image formed by a plane mirror is virtual, erect, laterally inverted, of same size as that of object and at the same distance as the object from the mirror.
Spherical Mirror
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Terms related
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Focus
When a parallel beam of light rays is incident on a spherical mirror, then after reflection it meets or appears to meet at a point on principal axis, which is the focus.
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Reflection of Light
Definition
The rebouncing back of light rays into the same medium on striking a highly polished surface, such as a mirror.
Laws
The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence all three lie in the same plane.
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Types
Regular Reflection
When a parallel beam of reflected light rays is obtained for a parallel beam of incident light rays after reflection from a plane reflecting reflection.
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Virtual Image Formation
Diverging lenses form reduced, erect, virtual images.
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Real Image Formation
If a luminous object is placed at a distance greater than the focal length away from a convex lens, then it will form an inverted real image on the opposite side of the lens.
