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B3-Infection & response (communicable disease (pathogens= micro…
B3-Infection & response
communicable disease
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can spread by:
-in air
-through touch
-sexually transmitted
-through water
-contaminated food
-through animals
Diseases do not spread, pathogens are transfered
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the spread of disease can be reduced by improving sanitation- e.g. sneeze in tissue, wash hands regularly
Viral diseases
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measles
symptoms
red skin rash, high fever
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HIV
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symptoms
flu like symptoms, muscle pain, rash
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Tobacco mosaic virus
symptoms
mosaic pattern on leaves, some discoloration
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Bacterial diseases
Bacteria reproduce rapidly inside the body producing toxins that damage tissues and make you feel ill
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Gonorrhea(STD)
symptoms
pain when urinating, thick green or yellow discharge
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treatment
antibiotics, condoms( barrier methods)
Fungal diseases
rose black spot
symptoms
purple/ blacks spots on leaves, leaves turn yellow and drop off
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treatment
fungicides, strip plant of effected leaves
Protist diseases
malaria
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cycle
- mosquito picks up malarial protist when they feed on an infected animal
- Every time the mosquito feeds on another animal, it infects it by inserting the protist into the animal's blood vessels
Human defense systems
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trachea and bronchi= secretes mucus to trap pathogens. And are lined with cilia which carry mucus back up to the throat where it can be swallowed
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white blood cells
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Lymphocytes produce antibodies which attach on the outside of pathogens so the cell can be found and destroyed by the phagocytes
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Vaccination
involve injecting a small or weakened pathogen which carries antigens and forces the body to produce antibodies to attack them
And if a pathogen of the same type enters the body then it can rapidly mass produce antibodies to fight it. As some of the antibodies remain in the blood stream
epidemics can be reduced by immunizing a large part of the population. This means those who are not vaccinated have herd immunity
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