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Non-fatal offences (S.20 OAPA 1861 (Unlawfully and maliciously inflict…

- - - - Very little difference between 'inflict' and 'cause': BURSTOW
      - GBH means 'really serious harm': DPP v SMITH
      - Age and health: BOLLOM
      - Minor + minor = GBH: BROWN AND STRATTON
      - Wounding requires break of whole skin: JCC v EISENHOWER
    - - Defined by 'maliciously'. Must be intention or reckless as to causing some harm: MOWATT
- - - - Must be an act or words, omission is not enough: FAGAN v MPC
      - Apprehend: LOGDON v DPP
      - Immediate: SMITH
      - Words can indicate no force will prevent an assault: TUBERVILLE v SAVAGE
    - - D must either intend or be reckless as to causing V to apprehend immediate and unlawful force: VENNA
- - - - D's act or omission applies unlawful force to V
      - Force can include slightest of touching, not 'jostling' (COLLINS v WILCOCK).
      - Doesn't have to be applied to body: THOMAS
      - Indirect act: HAYSTEAD
      - Can be through omission: DPP v SANATA-BERMUDEZ
    - - Must be intentional or reckless as to applying unlawful force to V: VENNA
- - - - D must satisfy actus reus of assault or battery
      - Must have 'occasioned'
      - ABH is...(MILLER)
      - 'actual' means...(CHAN-FOOK)
    - - Requires mens rea of either assault or battery
      - D doesn't have to be intentional or reckless as to causing ABH: SAVAGE
- - - - Prevent/resist arrest, D must also act 'maliciously': MORRISON
      - Directly/indirectly intends to do some GBH or resist/prevent arrest
    - - Wounding requires breaking of whole skin: JCC v EISENHOWER
      - Minor + Minor = GBH: BROWN AND STRATTON
      - Age and health: BOLLOM
      - GBH means 'really serious harm': DPP v SMITH
      - Very little difference between 'inflict and cause': BURSTOW