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chapter 4 geography ((2 Conflict Areas in the World (contested borders…

- - - - armed conflict: conflict fought with weapons
        
        2 types of armed conflicts:
        
        international conflict: between two nations
        
        Internal conflict/ civil war: limit themselves to the bordes of a country
        
        regional conflict: when an internal conflict can extend beyond the country's borders
    - - most conflicts concern the power people have in a country
        
        territory: the living environment of a people
        
        Nation: when there is a border around the territory
        
        A nation has the right to sovereignte/self-determination
        
        the nation holds its power itself/ other nations can not interfere with national matters
        
        one people: when people in a nation feel that they belong to each other (language,religion,history)
    - - regionalism: if a strong people hold on to their own history/culture
        
        example: they will demand education in own language
      - nationalism: If a people strives for independence
      - sepetarism: the desire to leave the rule of a nation
      - autonomous region: a region that will gain self-determination in several matters (education, taxes, policing)
  - - - often conflicts between different cultures/religions
      - other cause: skewed power distribution/subordination/poverty
      - youth buldge : large share of 15-29 year olds
    - - conflicts about natural resources(example)
      - abudance paradox: country with lots of fuels/minerals have bigger change of armed conflicts than countries without
    - - in conflictarea there's often an: authoritarian regime/dictatorship
      - failed state: when different groups are fighting for power
        
        government has nearly no control and theres lots of corruption/crime/economic chaos
      - condition for peace:
- - - - the time in which crude oil production can only decrease
  - - - Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
    - - because the consequences will be huge ecologically
      - but they are unable to fight against
- - - - Vietnam war 'Agent Orange'
      - the poison or destroying of the environment
    - - baby boom
      - genocide: attempt to destroy a people/race/group
    - - refugees
        
        asylum seekers
        
        displaced: refugees who stay in their own country during war
      - pshychological causes headaches and depressions
      - hospitals are difficult to reach
      - lot of children are orphaned
      - women flee/victim of sexual violence
      - man are killed
    - - after war: damage needs to be repaired (infrastructure/airports/bridges etc)
      - money that is spent on weapons can not be spent on education/agriculture/roads
- - - - ICC (International Criminal Court)
        
        some countries feel the WSest lectures Africa too much so do not join
        
        can even sentence a president
        
        crimes agains humanity/war crimes
        
        tries the very worst crimes
      - Security council
        
        China/US/Russia/France/UK are permanent members
        
        10 countries are chosen (2 years)
        
        15 members
        
        decides over the peacekeepigng missions
    - - When you look at peacekeeping missions in a geographical way, you will look at the following aspects:
        
        3 social condition
        
        a lot of criminal activities
        
        2 Physical condition
        
        other climate/no water/dfficult acces
        
        1 Location and situation
        
        transport of people/equipment is expensive/longer
    - - What does the Netherlands ?
        
        sending trained police officers
        
        bridges
        
        building schools
      - peacekeeping mission save an unimaginable amount of money
      - Netherlands has army to :
        
        to contribute the international peacekeeping
        
        peacekeeping operations (led by the United Nation)
        
        defend the Kingdom