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Crusader unit three (Outremer: Strengths and weaknesses (Threats (The…
Crusader unit three
Key figures
Agnes: Daughter of Joscelin, wife of Amalric and mother of Baldwin IV
Sibylla: Daughter of Baldwin IV, mother of Baldwin V
Guy de Lusignan: King of Jerusalem 1186-1192, appointed regent for Baldwin IV after his health deteriorated. Captured at the Battle of Hattin (1187)
Constance: Widow of Raymond of Antioch, mother and regent of Bohemond
Reynald de Chatillon
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Took Alexandretta and gave it to the Templars, even though he had promised the Byzantines support after they helped him marry
Was persuaded by the Templars to attack Byzantine held Cyprus in 1156 in response to the Byzantines refusing to pay him
He gained the money to do this by torturing Amery, the Patriarch of Antioch, until he gave him the money, prompting disapproval from the king of Jerusalem
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Joscelin III: Captured at the battle of Harim (1164), later became ambassador to the Byzantine Empire
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Byzantium
Manuel I
Manuel approved Reynald's marriage to Constance in exchange for support against the Armenian Thoros, but he launched an attack on Manuel's land in Cyprus instead. In response, Manuel marched on Antioch, humiliated Reynald and installed his own patriarch
Manuel promised Baldwin III that he would help them against Nureddin, despite having made an alliance with Nureddin against the Turks
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Andronikus
Anti-Latin, so a threat to the Franks
Leaders of Jerusalem
Baldwin III: 1143-1163
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Married Theodora Komnenus (niece of Manuel) #
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Fulk of Anjou: 1131-1143 #
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Spent most of his rule dealing with raids into Frankish lands, Muslim warlords and the Byzantine Emperor, John
Amalric: 1163-1174
Married to Agnes, but consanguinity makes him divorce her
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Led an expedition to capture Egypt in 1169, but it failed. He was well known for his obsession with Egypt #
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Baldwin V: 1185-1186
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By this time, the political climate had severely deteriorated
Raymond III of Tripoli was his regent #
The Latin West
In 1152 Louis divorced Eleanor of Aquitaine on the grounds of consanguinity. Eleanor then married Henry II, who became very powerful as a result of his marriage and being made king in 1154. There was a lot of tension between the three powerful leaders, and this continued with Louis' son, Philip
Henry II became a subject of papal tension over the murder of Thomas Becket, which he was implicated in
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Count Philip of Flanders #
Philip arrived in Acre in 1177 after William had married Baldwin's sister, but died, leaving Baldwin's heir a pregnant widow.
Philip proposed an attack on Northern Syria, which would have been a very good tactical move, but he refused to swear the Byzantine oath, making the Byzantines remove their fleet and offending them so that when Philip left he had made the situation much worse; the Byzantines would now side with Outremer's enemies
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Two crusades were announced in 1168 and 1180 by the Pope, but neither gained support and they fell through
In 1184 the Patriarch of Jerusalem and the military Order leaders met with Pope Lucius III and a crusade was declared, but the new French king Philip wouldn't go due to his insecure inheritance, and Henry's barons would not allow him to go
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