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語音異常之介入 (Individual sound errors (Erros contain (:!:phonetic description …

- - - - bringing the assistant into therapy
      - let the assistant take an active role int the therapy session
- - - - 50% in spontaneous contexts→next target sounds
      - last phase of the therapy
      - To maintain accuracy of production when the target sound appears spontaneously in conversation
    - - a) sensory-perceptual training :ear: ←not typically implemented by most clinicians
        
        Stages of sensory-perceptual training include:
        Identification→isolation→stimulation→discrimination
      - b) production of the sound in isolation :musical_note:
        
        elicit a norm production of the target sound alone
      - c) using facilitating contexts :silhouettes:
      - d) production of nonsense syllables with the target sound :lips:
      - e) words with the target sound :bow_and_arrow:
      - f) production of structured phrases and sentences with the target sound :left_speech_bubble:
      - g) spontaneous speech :left_speech_bubble:
    - - phonetic placement method
        
        SLP detailed instruction of how the target sound is normally produced & the articulators positioning
      - sound modification method
        
        deriving the target sound from a phonetically
        similar sound that the client can produce in a
        normal manner
      - auditory stimulation/imitation
        
        SLP provides examples of targeted sound and the client is asked to imitate the sound
    - - also called key words
      - The client might be able to produce the target sound in an acceptable manner under certain coarticulatory conditions.
    - - The typical sequencing is target sound + vowel (CV) vowel + target sound (VC) vowel + target sound + vowel (VCV)
      - To maintain accuracy of the production of the target consonant when it is embedded in varying vowel contexts
    - - to maintain productional accuracy of the target sound within the context of words
      - word selection
        
        word length
        
        position of the target sound within the word
        
        syllable structure
        
        Coarticulatory factors
        
        Familiarity
    - - to maintain accuracy of production of the target sound as words are placed into short phrases and sentences