Ali, Hassan and Sohrab can be seen as representative of their ethnic group, the Hazaras, who could be said to be orphaned, abandoned and mistreated by the Afghan state. If this metaphor is continued, then the rescue of Sohrab by Amir, an ethnic Pashtun, suggests a potentially positive future for the remaining Hazaras, with a reconciliation and drawing back into the mainstream.
Baba has passed his liberal views about Hazaras on to his son. However, Amir is not confident enough to act on these beliefs until the end of the novel. When he tells his father-in-law to refer to Sohrab by name rather than by his ethnic group he shows that he now has this confidence.
