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Leadership Intro + Trait-Based Theories (:old_key:History (1900- Trait…
Leadership Intro + Trait-Based Theories
:red_flag:
Intro
WHAT
:question: The influence that individuals exert on others to achieve goals
Leadership operates at ALL LEVELS of orgs
NOT connected with Positons
WHY IMPORTANT
:question: 1) Org
functions
with leadership; 2)
strategy
can be developed or implemented; 3) an
essential
part of orgs.
:old_key:
History
1900-
Trait-based theoris
- who you are
1940-
Behavioural theories
- what you are
1950-
Contingency and Contextual
- it depends
1970-
New leadership/transformational leadership
- behavioural + traits
2010-
Biological/evolutionary
:thinking_face:
WHAT is Leadership
#
Various definitions and measurements
Typically, using
multi-item measures
in surveys and relies on
subjective judgements
about self/others
:warning:
Different from Management
MGMT
:vs:
Leadership
Produces predictability & order :vs: Produces change
Planning/budgeting :vs: Establishing direction
Organising/staffing :vs: Aligning people
Controlling/problem solving :vs: motivating/inspiring
:star:MGMT might
practice
better, but leadership have positive effects on
outcomes
of individual / group / org - engagement, team climate, productivity, innovation, etc
:man::skin-tone-3:
Trait-Based Theory
Exceptional individuals shape the history - 英雄造时势
Trait
- persistent pattern of thinking and behaviour that reflects personality
Leadership success is associated with
4 stable/inherent features:
:books:
Intelligence
: positive relation with leadership but not that strong as supposed
:one:Intelligence, :two:Personality, :three:Gender, :four:Charisma.
:person_frowning::skin-tone-2:
Personality
-
The Big Five
traits
:womens:
Gender
- Women's underrepresentation. 大家觉得男性更有天生的领导力 ! 但研究证明，the relative absence of female leaders cannot be explained by different leadership capabilities. 有调查表明，男女在领导力有效性上给大家的感觉是一样的，不过女领导他评更高分，男领导自我感觉更良好。
:question:
Gender Gap
- Human capital? Family responsibilities? Gender discrimination? Org culture and practise?
:sunflower:
Chrisma
- specific gifts of body and spirit. Followers are willing to put their fate in leader's hands and follow their vision.
:kissing_heart:
The Big Five Traits
(CEONA)
#
Extraversion (.31) 外向
Openness to exp. (.24)
Conscientiousness (.28) 自觉负责
Neuroticism (-.24) 情绪稳定
Agreeableness 数据不明显
:haircut::skin-tone-2:
Charisma Traits
#
Self-confidence
Assertiveness
Moral conviction道德信念
Transactional
:vs:
Transformational Leadership
Based on the idea of :sunflower:
charisma
Emphasis on
traits and behaviours
Transactional
:arrows_counterclockwise: - exchange between leader/employees,
return & rewards
Transformational :stars:
- motivating employees to identify emotionally with a
vision
:<3:
Transformational Cycles
Idealised Influence
- lead by example and set expectations
Intellectual Stimulation
- Encourage learning and growth
Inspirational Motivation
- Inspiring to go to new heights
Individualised Consideration
- Coaching and
empowering
to success
More associated with
performance
and outcomes, weak relation with
traits
/ personatility
:!!:Suggest - transformational leadership can be
learnt