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CHAPTER 2: Environmental issue :fire: (CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE (changes…
CHAPTER 2: Environmental issue
:fire:
WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING?
increase in the
overall temperature
The heating of the earth through human
activities is called the
‘Enhanced
Greenhouse Effect’
and this is causing
the earth to heat up, or
global warming.
How do we measure the global warming?
1. Radiative Forcing (RF).
Positive radiative forcing =
it will increase energy and lead to warming
Negative radiative forcing=
it will decrease energy and lead to cooling
The radiative forcing of a GHG is determined by its
atmospheric concentration, warming capacity, residence time, and spatial distribution
2. Global Warming Potential (GWP).
each gases has their own unique atmospheric lifetime and heat-trapping potential.
comparison
Global Warming Potential (kg CO2
/kg gas)
The larger the GWP
, t
he more that a given gas warms
the Earth compared to CO2 over
that time period.
CLIMATE CHANGE
CLIMATE VARIABILITY
Fluctuation of climate
Time considered is in
yearly or above
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change is a longterm
continuous change
to average weather
conditions
Time considered is in
more than decades
WEATHER
Short-term changes
this
cloud
temperature
precipitation
CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
changes in the Earth’s orbit
changes in the sun which affect the amount of incoming solar radiation
arge-scale volcanic eruptions
Changes in atmospheric chemistry
[caused by natural and human]
IMPACT
Loss of Habitate
Agriculture Loss
Water resource
INTRODUCTION TO URBAN SPRAWL /
URBANIZATION
CAUSES OF URBANIZATION
Improved infrastructure: transportation, housing
Vast job opportunities
Vast education opportunities
Social & Cultural
Large extent of resources: electricity, clean water, food
Population growth
IMPACT
Increase in public expenditure
Health problems
Environmental hazards – flood
Existence of urban heat island