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neuropsychology (evaluation (sensory (tactile (s: primary somatosensory, p…
neuropsychology
evaluation
orientation
awareness to env, time & place (reticular formation) using GOAT
sensory
tactile
s: primary somatosensory, p: secondary somatosensory
visual
s: occipital, p: what (temporal), where (parietal)
auditory
s: temporal (wernicke), p: frontal (broca) & temporal (wernicke)
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motor
limb control (frontal, basal ganglia, cerebellum) using HRSB finger tap & grip tests
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visual-spatial
read maps, find routes, visual & constructional ability using rey figure & clock drawing test
memory
encoding, storage & retrieval (hippocampus: ex, basal ganglia: im) using RAVLT or WMS
executive
high-order cognition (frontal) using trail making, wisconsin card sorting & tower of london tests
intelligence
verbal/perf, GAI, premorbid, spared/impaired ability using WAIS or WISC (neuro focus on fluid)
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adaptive behaviour
daily living activities to inform care, rehab and compensation/litigation
traumatic
head injury
common causes:
vehicle, workplace and sports accidents, assaults & falls
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personality:
lack initiative, mood/outbursts, egocentricity, poor self-awareness, depression.
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cognitive:
attention, orientation, memory, behavioural slowing, sensory function, language retrieval, and executive function.
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prevalence:
men, elderly, kids under 5yo and 15-24yo.
epilepsy
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precipitory factors:
sleep, stress, drugs, & stimuli
treatment:
anti-convulsant medication, focal surgery, commissurotomy, managing behaviour and seizure control
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severity:
onset age,
seizure type,
EEG abnormailty
rehab
multidisciplinary approach: to plan treatment, set goals, devise intervention with patient & family
team: psychs/neuropsychs, speech therapists, occupational therapists, & physical therapists.
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-
evaluating
recovery
biological: location/extent of damage, duration of time since injury, age
psychological: medical health, emotional health, support system
premorbidity: intellectual level, personality characteristics, functional level
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cerebrovascular
risk factors:
age, cholesterol, cigarettes, gender, hypertension & previous history
diagnosis:
brain imaging, or angiography
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personality:
left: depression, right: apathy or euphoria & general: impulsive, perseveration, poor judgement, lack initiation, emotional exaggeration.
treatment:
stabilisation/control bleeding, anticoagulants, vasodilators, corticosteroids, blood pressure medication
cognitive:
depends on site/size/lateralisation but orientation, attention, motor, STM & executive function is 'typical'
tumour
symptoms:
headache, nausea, vomiting, seizures
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ageing
normal ageing
neuronal loss & reduced cerebral blood flow, cognitive & personality changes
dementia
Alzheimer's
neuropathology
neuronal shrinkage & loss
(acetylcholine decrease),
neurofibrillary tangles & amyloid plaques
cognitive:
orientation, attention, sensory & motor function, visuospatial, executive function
personality:
apathy, increased restlessness, delusions of persecution/paranoia, and impaired self-awareness and insight (later stages)
risk factors:
age, education, gender, genetics, THI
diagnosis:
after death, clinical diagnosis by exclusion
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interpretation
- depends on:
- referral question
- background
- clinical impression
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variables: age, premorbid functioning, dominance, gender, cultural background, medical/substance abuse, malingering (rey 15 or use pattern analysis)