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Meeting 2: Bullying (Jimenez-Barbero (2016) (outcome measures: (bullying…

- - - - group problem-solving curriculum resulted in increased generation of responses to a simulated bullying situation by the intervention group
- - - - aims to encourage bystanders to take a clear stance against bullying
      - universal actions
        
        10 student lessons covering a wide range of themes
        
        A computer game
      - Shared distress will evoke empathy within the bullies
      - Discussion meetings
        
        First meeting- victims tell about what’s happening,
        
        support group- formed
        
        Group meets: what could be done to make person X’s situation better?
        
        Two follow-up meetings: for victim and support group
      - results
        
        No indications that victimisation increased- only positive effects (short term)
        
        number of bullies tends to remain the same over time
        
        Frequency of victimization- for people with no group victimization frequency decreased, for ppl with a group- no change
        
        Ppl with a group at the end of the year had more defenders
        
        Well-being did not significantly change for any of the groups
- - - - Direct: Physical aggression,threats, usually in front of an audience
      - Indirect: spreading rumors, backstabbing (bc. value interpersonal relationships)
    - - Social dominance
      - Self-views and biases of bullies
        
        Hostile attribution bias
        
        perceiving ambiguous situations as reflecting hostile intent
    - - Submissive victims: anxious, insecure
      - Provocative victims: react with aggression->
    - - Obesity,off-time pubertal maturation,disabilities, LGBT youths, anything that makes you stand out
    - - internalizing --> consequence of being bullied
    - - HPA axis- different ways of reacting to stress than normal-health problems
      - When exclude of a group- increased activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC)- more stress experience
    - - Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP)
      - KiVa
      - WITS
    - - 5-step soc-cogn model
      - Fast track