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Thermal Energy, Temperature, and Heat (Mechanical Energy…
Thermal Energy, Temperature, and Heat
Mechanical Energy
Potential(stored)energy + Kinetic(motion) energy
Applies to an object
Thermal Energy
Potential + Kinetic
Applies to particles within an object
Temperature = average kinetic energy of particles in an object.
material with high T has particles with high average kinetic energy
particles with high average kinetic energy are moving faster than particles with low average kinetic energy.
Thermometers are used to measure temperature (ave kinetic energy)
bulb thermometer - liquid expands and rises in a glass tube when the T goes up, and contracts and drops in the glass tube when the T goes down.
electronic thermometer - measures resistance in an electronic circuit and converts it into a temperature.
Celsius scale - standard scale for scientists around the world.
Based on the freezing/boiling points of water (freezing = 0; boiling = 100)
Kelvin scale is also used by scientists
based on
absolute zero
(the coldest possible temperature on earth. )
Heat = the movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object.
All objects have thermal energy, but heating only occurs when thermal energy is transferred from one object to another.
Heating continues until all substances that are in contact have reached the same temperature.