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Hypovolaemic Shock Treatment (Sympathomimetics Mimic the SNS (Dopamine…
Hypovolaemic Shock Treatment
Fluid replacement
Crystalloids
Made up of water & electrolytes and stay in the intravascular space for a shorter time than colloids
Advantages:
Cheap
Non-allergenic
Replenishes electrolytes
Disadvantages:
Frequent administration of large doses required
Risk of oedema
Colloids
These solutions have large molecules (eg. proteins & starch) that do not readily cross capillary walls. They stay in the intravascular space for much longer than crystalloids
Advantages:
Remain in intravascular compartment
Lower risk of oedema
Low volumes required
Disadvantages:
Expensive
Potentially allergenic
Sympathomimetics
Mimic the SNS
Noradrenaline
Mostly activates alpha-1 receptors causing vasoconstriction
No change or decreased HR & CO due to vagal reflex
Adrenaline
Low doses activate beta-1 & beta-2 receptors
Beta-1 increases HR & contractility, beta-2 causes vaso
dilation
High doses activate alpha-1 receptors causing vasoconstriction
Dopamine
Low doses:
Activates D1 receptors in renal & mesenteric arteries causing vasodilation
Medium doses:
Activates D1 & Beta-1 receptors increasing cardiac output & maintaining renal blood flow
High doses:
Activates alpha-1 & beta-1 receptors causing vasoconstriction & increased HR & contractility
Dobutamine
Beta-1 & beta-2 activity increasing cardiac output & vasodilating
Isoprenaline
Beta-1 & beta-2 activity increasing cardiac output & vasodilating
Vasopressin (Anti-Diuretic Hormone - ADH):
Used as a last reserve
Mechanism of action:
Activates V1 receptors causing vasoconstriction
Activates V2 receptors in kidneys causing water reabsorption
Adverse effects:
In high doses
Associated with cardiac, digital & splanchnic ischaemia