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Alfred Adler (Fictional Final Goals (as humans, we all strive to be better…
Alfred Adler
Fictional Final Goals
- as humans, we all strive to be better than we are (overcoming early- childhood feelings of inferiority)
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Early Career
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early humanist
humanism= position that humans have value and agency (individually and collectively), and accentuates human ability for life improvement though ingenuity and reason
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY
- Movement away from the Freudian emphasis on sex, the libido & Eros
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individual must combat/confront 3 forces: societal, love-related & vocational
the word 'individual'- is a reference to understanding the patient as an indivisible whole (commonly misunderstood to represent a focus on the individual)
Childhood Situations
3 situations that affect our ability to overcome inferiority (and can lead to an inferiority complex)
Organ Inferiority
- Thought of being lesser to other people or deficient due to a physical characteristic (real or perceived)
- If not overcome, child is self-centred and feels inferior to peers
Pampering
can lead to sense of entitlement and being demanding of others, lack of sympathy and empathy, lack confidence in own ability as not prepared for challenge for life (parent that has an over pampering style)
Neglect
Can lead to: suspiciousness; isolation; poorly developed capacity for love; inability to gain love and esteem; over-estimation of difficulties; under-estimation of own abilities; demands for pampering/special consideration as compensation
COMPLEXES- SUPERIORITY
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Adler believed that this was actually a defence mechanism meant to hide or compensate for feelings of inferiority
results when a person over-compensates for feelings of inferiority by placing "to much emphasis on striving to perfection"
“The superiority complex is one of the ways that a person with an inferiority complex may use as a method of escape from her or his difficulties. She or he assumes that she or he is superior when she or he is not, and this false success compensates her or him for the state of inferiority which she or he cannot bear.”
HUMAN NATURE
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over arching motive for all humans is to become trong, competent, achieving and creative
3 forces/conflicts
Occupational tasks
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- contributing to society (pro-social)
Societal tasks
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- moving outside the bubble that is ourselves
Love Tasks
- continuance of the human race (can be achieved through helping others to thrive)
COMPLEXES- INFERIORITY
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a psychological condition that exists when a person's feelings of inadequacy are so intense that daily living is impaired
a sufferer is a person "... whose thoughts are so overtaken by these feelings that they cannot function normally"
Style of Life
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Determined by:
- The child’s perception and interpretation of their intrinsic ability (heredity) and their objective environment (such as birth order)
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Indicated by:
- Early recollections
- Dream analysis
Life History
Born: Vienna, Austria, 1970
- childhood characterised by death & illness
INFERIORITY
Inferiority= feeling weak, unskilled for the task facing us, not competent
Experience particularly when we are children- need our parents to get through life and we slowly become independent over time but when we are children we feel inferior to our parents and that is a motivational force
INTERPLAY
Adler would have said that if someone has a superiority complex they always have an inferiority complex
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Faulty Life Styles
Pampered
- Children who are pampered fail to develop social interest, instead, expecting the world to meet their needs and externalizing responsibility
Neglected
- Children who are neglected become vengeful and enemies of society
- Not all neglected children become like this
SUPERIORITY
Superiority= becoming better, closer to ideal goals,