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EVOLUTION # (Genes (Speciation (Divergent Evolution (Divergent evolution…
Genes
A gene is unit that is passed from a parent to offspring and determines some characteristic of the offspring.
Gene Pool
The sum of the genetic variation in a population and causes genetic drift. #
Disruptive Selection
Disruptive selection changes the characteristics of a population by favoring individuals that vary in both directions from the mean of the population.
Disruptive Selection increases variation in population. #
Archaea
Prokaryotes containing genes. #
Genetic Drift
Genetic drift is random changes in allele frequencies from one generation to the next, which is changes in genetic makeup over time, so therefore evolution. # #
Genotype
The literal combination of genes passed down from a parent to a child. #
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle cell anemia is a disorder that causes red blood cells to become misshapen and break down. It is inherited. #
Phenotype
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Directional Selection
Directional selection results in an increase of the frequencies of alleles that produce the favored phenotype. #
Sexual Dimorphism
When the male's phenotypical appearance is different from the female's appearance. #
Gene Flow
Migration of individuals resulting in change in genes between populations. #
Describes transcription and translation, thus describing changes in genes.
Speciation
Speciation is the divergence of biological lineages (through genes) and the emergence of reproductive isolation between lineages. #
Divergent Evolution
Divergent evolution is the accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species #
Allopatric Speciation
The forming of a new species after reproductive isolation occurs because of geographic barriers occur, such as a river. #
Sympatric Speciatric
Speciation due to reproductive isolation without without any physical separation of the subpopulation. #
Contrasts allopatric speciation. #
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Barriers
Prezygotic Barriers
Pre zygotic barriers are barriers to the reproductive process that occur before the union of the nuclei of two gametes. #
Postzygotic Barriers
Postzygotic barriers are barriers to the reproductive process that occur after the union of the nuclei of two gametes. #
Contrasts with prezygotic barriers. #
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Microevolution
Underlying changes in genetic makeup that results in evolved species. #
Natural Selection
Natural selection leads to changes in species because the individuals best fitted for the environment survive, thus leading to evolutionary change. #
Adaptation
Adaptation is a favored trait that evolves through natural selection. #
Mutation
A mutation is natural selection acting on random variations. #
This results in adaptation. #
Fitness
Fitness is the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce in the environment that they are in, and it relates to natural selection because the best fitted survive. #
Biogeography
Biogeography affects the traits that are desirable for natural selection, based on location. #
Stabilizing Selection
Stabilizing selection preserves the average characteristics of a population by factoring average individuals
Natural selection is often stabilizing. #
Adaptive Radiation
A change in environment leads to adaptive radiation, where organisms diversify rapidly into new forms. #
Darwin
He develops evolutionary principles. #
Through this, he develops the principle of natural selection. #
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Bottleneck Effect
A population bottleneck is a population, even usually relatively large in number, passes through environmental events where only a few individuals survive, making a population lose most of its variation.This relates back to evolution because the population is changing. #
It also relates to the gene pool because the gene pool is changing. #
Founder Effect
The founder effect is a type of genetic drift describing the loss of the allelic variation that accompanies founding of a new population from a very small number of individuals, resulting in change, or evolution, in the population. #
It also relates to the gene pool because the gene pool is changing. #
Homologous Structures
Homologous structures are structures that different animals have that appear very similar in form or function and seem to be related.
Homologous structures are evidence for evolution. #
Analogous Structures
Analogous structures are structures in different species having the same function but have evolved separately
Analogous structures are evidence for evolution. # #
Molecular Evidence
Evidence for which species are part of a clade can be obtained from the base sequence of a gene or the corresponding amino acid sequence of a protein. #
Molecular evidence is evidence for evolution. # #
Bacteria
Bacteria evolves quickly. #
Antibiotic Resistance
Because bacteria evolves so quickly, it can resist antibiotics. #
Eukarya
These cells evolved into multicellular organisms. #
Convergent Evolution
Convergent evolution is a phenomenon where superficially similar traits may evolve independently in different lineages. #
K/T Boundary
The K/T boundary was the geologic transition between the Cretaceous and Tertiary, characterized by a mass extinction of life. #