Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Disability Categories Under IDEA (Deafness (The official IDEA definition…

- - - - Physical: This is the ability to use small muscles (fine motor), particularly in the hands, and large muscles (gross motor) in the body. Babies use fine motor skills to grasp objects. Toddlers and preschoolers use them to do things like hold utensils, work with objects and draw. Babies use gross motor skills to sit up, roll over and begin to walk. Older children use them to do things like jump, run and climb stairs.
        
        Handwriting may be difficult, may need support with fine motor skills. Phone Apps: "Crabby Writer", "Shapes and Robots Tracing", "Little Writer", "Bubble Pinch". These apps help improve their fine motor skills for correct handwriting.
        
        Sip-and-puff systems are used by students who have mobility challenges, such as paralysis and fine motor skill disabilities. These systems allow for control of a computer, mobile device or some other technological application by the child moving the device with his or her mouth. Similar to a joystick, the child can move the controller in any direction and click on various navigational tools using either a sip or a puff. An on-screen keyboard allows the child to type using the same movements.
        Examples: Jouse3, Sip-and-Puff Systems From Origin Instruments
      - Social/Emotional: This is the ability to relate to other people. That includes being able to express and control emotions. In babies, it means smiling at others and making sounds to communicate. In toddlers and preschoolers, it means being able to ask for help, show and express feelings and get along with others.
        
        May have trouble understanding, and therefor following, rules. They may easily become frustrated and difficulty controlling emotions. Social stories are assistive technology tools that can help students with social/emotional delays learn to handle different situation. "A Social Story can be a written or visual guide describing various social interact5ions, situations, behaviors, skills or concepts." Sandbox Learning has created a line of high tech social stories--Success Stories--with images and text that can be customized to match the student.
        
        The Talklight: its light flashes according to noise in the room. Helps teach self-monitoring of noise levels and positive reinforcements.
        
        Music Players: iPods, mp3 players, and other devices can be used in the classroom to play music and sounds to promote focus and calm.
        
        Reminder Devices: simple vibrations or other observable signals remind a student of their focus behavior.
        
        Multi-sensory Integrated Technology Programs offer complete sensory cues, prompts, and lessons for social and emotional engagement. Scientifically designed to improve the communication between the heart and brain through the nervous system.
        
        Learn with Rufus: Feelings and Emotions
        Helps children learn the facial expressions that correspond to feelings and emotions. http://informingfamilies.org/assitive-technology/
      - Adaptive: This is the ability to handle everyday tasks. For children, that includes eating, dressing and bathing themselves.
      - Communication: This is the ability to use and understand language. For babies, this includes cooing and babbling. In older children, it includes understanding what’s said and using words correctly and in ways that others can understand.
        https://www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/treatments-approaches/early-intervention/what-you-need-to-know-about-developmental-delays
        
        May have difficulty making certain sounds or talk in a very soft voice. Echo microphones can be a fun way to motivate students and help them practice important communication skills.
        
        Proloquo2Go: Symbol-supported communication app to promote language development and grow communication skills. This is a popular app in schools, but is great for all ages. http://informingfamilies.org/assitive-technology/
      - Cognitive: This is the ability to think, learn and solve problems. In babies, this looks like curiosity. It’s how your child explores the world around him with his eyes, ears and hands. In toddlers, it also includes things like learning to count, naming colors and learning new words.
        
        Livescribe is an advanced, paper-based computer with a pen that records everything you hear and write. It synchronizes the audio you hear to what you write, so you never miss a word. An embedded infrared camera and audio recording capabilities are combined in a slightly larger-sized pen that is used on special digital paper. Beyond therapeutic assistance, it could be used as a memory enhancer and documentation device for students and businesspeople. https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertszczerba/2014/07/30/using-technology-to-mitigate-cognitive-disabilities/#2db092b57619
        
        BioZen (by the National Center for Telehealth and Technology) is another smartphone app, this one developed by the Department of Defense to assist service members experiencing PTSD and TBI. BioZen provides real-time biofeedback from body sensors to show users their attentive cognitive states and allow them to self-modify. One can imagine a product like this helping long-distance drivers and pilots to stay alert.
        
        PEAT(by BrainAid) is a virtual executive assistant for use by people with a wide range of cognitive impairments including brain injury, ADHD, stroke, and pre-dementia. PEAT is an Android app based on artificial intelligence methods developed at NASA’s Ames Research Center to help individuals achieve greater functionality.
        
        My Bionic Brain (by Cognitive Harmonics) is an iPad-based work and personal life management tool designed to meet the needs of individuals with cognitive disabilities. The product enables organization and productivity at home and work by teaching skills that compensate for short-term memory impairment, disorientation, loss of emotional control, and difficulty with organization and time management.
        
        They may have trouble remembering daily routines. Visual schedules may be helpful. "Visual schedules are picture representations of a series of events. There are a variety of formats and they may be used to help a child understand and manage daily events."
- - - - Assistive technologies:communication devices;environmental controls;walkers/canes;computer,smart board(http://scatp.med.sc.edu/disabilitiesfact.html)
        
        The purpose of using assistive technologies is to increase a child's self-reliance and to sense of independence
        
        Assistive technologies help with:
        listening,maths,reading,writing,tracking of schedules
  - - - I
        
        Intellectual functions:
        IQ below 75; limit mental functions on reading,writing,problem solving,reasoning and so on
        
        Adaptive bahaviors:
        conceptual skills,such as language and literacy,number,time;
        social skills,such as socializing and follow rules;
        practical skills,such as daily living activities.
- - - - This is defined by IDEA as an injury resulting from traumatic force, not congenital or degenerative in nature. Traumatic Brain Injury can be referred to as TBI.
        
        Among children 0-14, falls are the leading cause of brain injury in the U.S., followed by being struck by an object. These 2 categories account for 75% of traumatic brain injuries.
        
        Classroom accommodations for TBI - additional time for tests and assignments; if 2 tests are scheduled for the same day, 1 can be rescheduled; extra or extended breaks; provision of preferential seating; reduction in the quantity of work, in favor of quality; allow for oral responses to examinations; and permit the use of a calculator.
        Brainline.org
        (http://www.brainline.org/content/2011/10/accommodations-guide-for-students-with-brain-injury.html)
- - - - Common features:
        limited communication skills;
        difficulties in mobility;
        performing daily actvities(http://www.specialeducationguide.com/disability-profiles/multiple-disabilities/)
  - - - Assistive technologies:
        Mobile aids,hearing aids,computer,screen reader,screen enlargement,book holder,auto page-turner;
        (https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rehabtech/conditioninfo/Pages/device.aspx)
      - Challenges for education:appropriate educational setting for intellectual levels; communication with peers,teachers and helpers;
        function in classroom.(http://www.specialeducationguide.com/disability-profiles/multiple-disabilities/)
- - - - Categories of Learning Disabilities under IDEA
        
        Perceptual diasabilities
        
        "Perceptual disability" means a disability that prevents or inhibits a person from reading or hearing a literary, musical, dramatic or artistic work in its original format, and includes such a disability resulting from (a) severe or total impairment of sight or hearing or the inability to focus or move one's eyes, (b) the inability to hold or manipulate a book or (c) an impairment relating to comprehension (https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/accessinfo/005003-3004-10-2001-e.html)
        
        Accommodations helpful for students with perceptual disabilities are divided into 2 main categories - visual and auditory. Visual helps include large-print books and worksheets, and making lines darker on the page for writing. For the auditory category, try to give the students visual cues to go with oral instruction, simplify verbal directions, and speaking more slowly can make a big difference. http://www.ldonline.org/article/6390/
        
        Minimal brain dysfunction
        
        Minimal brain dysfunction is a neurodevelopmental disorder which can be found in nearly 20% of school children. It is characterized by evidences of immaturity involving control of activity, emotions, and behavior, and by specific learning disabilities involving the communicating skills needed in reading, writing, and mathematics.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1273628)
        
        Some consider ADHD the more updated or modern term for MBD. ADHD affects more boys than girls.
        (https://www.healthyplace.com/adhd/articles/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-minimal-brain-dysfunction/)
        
        Organizational classroom accommodations that can help students with MBD/ADHD are: color-coding materials for each subject, providing a written schedule for daily routines, using an assignment notebook, and providing an extra set of books to keep at home.
        (https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/partnering-with-childs-school/instructional-strategies/at-a-glance-classroom-accommodations-for-adhd)
        
        Dyslexia
        
        Classroom teaching techniques that benefit students with dyslexia, but are helpful to all learners include: provide 1 step directions at a time, provide visual representation of oral instruction whenever possible, review frequently, slow down instruction, and connect everything together http://www.readinghorizons.com/blog/post/2013/04/12/8-dyslexia-accommodations-for-students
        
        Accommodations for dyslexic students in the classroom that can be provided are: additional time for tests and assignments; provision of a scribe; one-one-one or small group time with a tutor or special ed teacher daily or several times a week; use of calculators
        
        There are many options for using technology in the classroom for students with dyslexia. Some of the products available today are software programs that help with reading, writing and learning, including Kurzweil 3000, Sortegories and Lexia. Also, there are several different brands of smartpens that can scan the text, then read it aloud. There is also audiobook technology, which can be accessed through cds, ipads, Nooks, Kindles and other devices.
        
        The Kurzweil 3000 software can be used all the way up to the college level. https://www.kurzweiledu.com/experience-kurzweil/video-library/video-homepage2.html
        
        Here is the Echo SmartPen https://youtu.be/Lg5QQHlepF0
        
        Developmental aphasia
        
        Aphasia is a language disorder. Aphasia can affect expressive or receptive language, although expressive language aphasia is more common. Aphasia can occur during the developmental period or may happen later in life as the result of a brain injury, illness, or disease.
        
        Classroom accommodations for aphasia include: structure the learning environment to minimize distractions; use simple language and uncomplicated sentences; repeat words as necessary; break down concepts into small steps and repeat as necessary; use flashcards to build vocabulary.
        (http://www.brighthubeducation.com/special-ed-neurological-disorders/113248-reading-strategies-for-students-with-aphasia/)
        
        Brain injury
        
        For brain injury accommodations, see item 13, Traumatic Brain Injury
        
        All learners can benefit from differentiated instruction, but especially those with learning disabilities of any kind. https://youtu.be/EOPe_cJ67No)
- - - - Audio playback devices
        Which, btw, the blind usually listen to at higher speeds. :
      - Screen readers and screen magnifiers :
        Necessary for working with computers and mobile phones in and out of the class
      - Braille and associated technologies
        
        (Braille embossers, large-print and tactile keyboards) Note: fewer and fewer American blind being taught Braille.
      - Many other types of AT
        Seeing eye dogs; tactile or audio watches; for blind sports there are: “running guides” for athletic competitions; “audio aiming devices” for shooting competitions; “Tapping” for swimming completions; and “bell balls” for torball competitions.
      - White cane
        THE symbol of blindness and an older bit of assistive technology
- - - - Provide a clear beginning and end to activities and tasks.
      - Actively use a home/school communication book that outlines specific progress and challenges that occurred during the home and school environments. The book is exchanged with classroom staff members and the family on a daily basis.
      - Adapt the physical environment to include:
        • Close proximity to materials and instruction
        • Limitation of distractions (auditory, visual)
        • Development of clear visual boundaries, where appropriate
        • Make the key learning centers visually obvious within the classroom (carpet
        squares, furniture arrangements, masking tape, etc.)
      - Develop and use visuals for instruction, such as:
        • Individual visual schedule
        • Highlighting important information
        • Using completed models
        • Color coding relevant information
        • Providing visual directions
        • Making endings obvious by use of finished box, folder, etc.
    - - https://www.bluebeepals.com/
        Bluebee Pals are a Bluetooth-enabled interactive and lovable plush companion that sings, reads and answer phone calls. Our innovative lip synchronization technology allows Bluebee’s “mouth” to move while you’re reading storybooks, engaging in learning apps, singing songs & much more! Our award-winning Bluebee Pals will enhance your child’s learning journey in a variety of ways. They can stream any song, story app (in any language), educational software and activities, to capture and retain your child’s attention all while promoting fun interaction. Bluebee Pals wide range of app compatibility introduce an exciting communication device that fosters educational opportunities for all mainstream and special needs children.
        Bluebee Pals has been shown to increase communication with students with autism
      - hearing aids
        classroom amplification
        personal FM system
        captioning
        signaling device
        TDD/TTY
        screen flash on computer
      - http://www.smartstones.co
        The most advanced way to access literacy and core language using simple gestures. Available for iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch.
        For people with physical challenges, pair a sensory remote controller like Smartstones Touch, Apple Watch, and Emotiv brainwave headsets to speak with swipes, taps, or thought and facial commands.