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THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM & BLOOD PRESSURE (BLOOD VESSELS (COMPOSED OF…
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM & BLOOD PRESSURE
FUNCTION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Gaseous wastes are blown off by the lungs (co2) and other wastes are removed by the kidneys (urea) - Cellular metabolism
Nutrients (glucose) & oxygen are supplied by the respiratory system and the digestive system - Cellular metablosim
Regulated by the endocrine system and the nervous system - hormones and neurotrnasmitters
BLOOD VESSELS
Veins - Carry blood towards heart for oxygenation
Venules - Smallest of veins
Arterioles - Smallest arteries
Capillaries - Smallest of blood vessels, form connections between arterioles and venules. Three types
Arteries - Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
Blood moves from the arterial side of the capillary (greater region of pressure) to the venous side (a region of lesser pressure)
COMPOSED OF 3 LAYERS
Tunica Media
Tunica Ec=xterna/Adventitia
Tunica Intima
ENDOTHELIUM - Endothelial cells which form the lining of the blood vessel provides a smooth, continuous lining throughout the vascular system and and intact endothelium facilitates good blood flow (prevents blood clotting)
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Excess outflow of interstitial fluid is absorbed by the lymphatic system and diverted back to the right side of the heart
Vessels (lymphatic veins and venules), ducts and nodes
Capillary outflow exceeds venous return by about 3 liters per day. Capillary hydrostatic pressure. Capillary oncotic pressure
Immune System
Picks up excess fluid (lymph) amongist capillaries and returns it to the circulatory system to maintain sufficient blood flow
Specialized vascular system, follows the same pathway in which arteries and veins run
THE HUMAN HEART
THE HEART WALL - 3 Layers - Pericardium (double walled), Myocardium and endocardium
HEART VALVES - Tricuspid Valve & Mitral Valve (antrioventricular valves) - Aortic Semilunar Valve & Pulmonary Semilunar Valve (semilunar valves)
FOUR MAJOR VESSELS - Vena cava, Pulmonary artery, Pulmonary vein, Aorta
FOUR CHAMBERS - Right atria, Left atria, Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle
Positioned in the thoracic cavity