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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - Function - The exchange of gasses between the…
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - Function - The exchange of gasses between the external environment (air) & the blood &into the cells
TWO ZONES -
Conducting Zone
How we get air into our lungs - Primary role is to facilitate the movement of air into and out of the respiratory zone
Structures of the Conducting Zone
Nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, carina, bronchi. bronchicoles, cilia and mucus
Respiratory Zone - Consists of structures responsible for gas exchange
Three Critical Steps
Ventilation - Carried out by the lungs process of inhaling air into the lungs
The mechanical movement of gas or air into and out of the lungs - Rely on muscle contraction and air pressure
TIDAL VOLUME - Amount of air that moves into and then out of the lungs with each breath
MAJOR MUSCLES - Inspiration (contract) Expiration (relax) - Diaphragm, External intercostal muscles, Accessory muscles
MINUTE VOLUME - Amount of air inspired & expired per minute
Diffusion - Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lung
Perfusion - The transport of the gases to our body tissues
Structures of the Respiratory Zone
Respiratory bronchioles, alveloar ducts/sac (surrounded by capillaries), Alveoli (plural), Alveolar (singular), Alveolar Capillary Membrane, Alveoli Macrophages, Type 1 alveolar cells, Type 2 alveolar cells, Surfactant
CHEST WALL - Skin, Ribs & Intercoastal Muscles
PLEURA - Double layer membrane - Visceral Pleura (Firmly attached to the lung) & Parietal Pleura (is continuous with the visceral pleura and lines the pleural cavity) - Pleural Cavity (in between these layers and contains pleural fluid)
Important functions of the chest wall & pleura are to coordinate with the diaphragm in performing the muscular work of breathing and to provide protection for the heart and the lungs from injury