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Cirrhosis (Pathogenesis (Toxic effects on cell membranes (Acetaldehyde…
Cirrhosis
Pathogenesis
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Cytokines
-Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)
-Inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1, IL-8)
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Etiology
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Genetic Factors
-Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) groups
-Genetic polymorphisms of collagen (ADH, ALDH, and CYP2E1)
-Genetic predilection has been identified, however, exact mechanisms are less clear
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Treatment and management
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Treatment
-Treatment for alcohol dependency
-Weight loss
-Medication to control hepatitis
-Medications to control other causes and symptoms of cirrhosis
Epidemiology
-2 million affected in the USA (1% of population)
-No predilection amongst race, but more common in native Americans
-Women are more susceptible than men
Clinical Manifestations
-Fatigue
-Bleeding easily
-Bruising easily
-Itchy skin
-Yellow discoloration in the skin and eyes (jaundice)
-Fluid accumulation in your abdomen (ascites)
-Loss of appetite
-Nausea
-Swelling in your legs
-Weight loss
-Confusion, drowsiness and slurred speech (hepatic encephalopathy)
-Spiderlike blood vessels on your skin
-Redness in the palms of the hands
-Testicular atrophy in men
-Breast enlargement in men (gynecomastia)