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Networking-09: VLANs and Inter-VLAN Communication (Type of VLAN (Voice…
Networking-09: VLANs and Inter-VLAN Communication
Introduction
Characteristics
Improve network performance by separating large broadcast domains into smaller one
Enable implementation of access and security policies according to specific groupings and users
Allow admin to segment networks without regard of the physical location if the user of device
Benefits
Cost reduction
Better performance
Security
Shrink broadcast domains
Improved IT staff efficiency
Simpler project and application management
Type of VLAN
Native VLAN
VLAN trunk
ManagementVLAN
Default VLAN
Voice VLAN
Transmission priority over other types of traffic
Ability to be routed around congested areas of network
Assured bandwidth to ensure voice quality
Data VLAN
VLAN Tag Field
User Priority
Canonical Format Identifier (CFI)
Type
VLAN ID
VLAN configuration
Extended range VLAN
VLAN ID 1006 - 4094
Configuration saved in running configuration file
Enable ISP to extend infrastructure to more customers
VTP does not learn extended range VLANs
VLAN trunk
Trunking modes
Nontrunking
Trunk negotiation with neighbor
Trunking
Normal range VLAN
VLAN ID 1 - 1005
1002 - 1005 are reserved for Token Ring and FDDI VLANs
1 & 1002 - 1005 are automatically created and cannot be removed
Configurations stored in vlan.dat located in flash memory
Used in small and medium sized network
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) can only learn and store normal range VLAN
Inter-VLAN Communication
Router-on-a--stick
Router interface operate as trunk link and switch port configured as trunk mode
Router accept VLAN-tagged traffic and internally route between VLANs using subinterfaces
Single physical interface routes traffic between multiple VLANs
Subinterfaces are software based virtual interfaces
Each subinterface is independently configured with VLAN assignment and IP address of subnets corresponding to their VLAN assignment
Multilayer switch
Support dynamic routing and inter-VLAN routing
Traffic routed internal to the switch device
Perform later 2 and later 3 functions
Multiple physical interfaces
Switch ports connected to router is placed in access mode, each within different VLANs
Router accept traffic from one VLAN through one interface and route the traffic to another VLAN connected through another interface
Each interface connected to separate VLAN and configured with distinct subnet
Inter-VLAN Configuration
Switch Virtual Interface (SVI)
No physical port
Perform same function for VLAN as router interface
Can be created for any VLAN on the switch
Provide gateway for VLAN so that traffic can be routed in or out of the switch
Virtual interface configured within a switch
Also provide IP connectivity to the switch
Routed port
Physical port switch that acts similarly to interface on router
Not associated with any VLAN
Do not support subinterfaces
Configured between switches