Obstacles to the unification of Italy
Foreign Influence
The Papacy
Economic and cultural division
The Italians themselves
Lack of Power
Austria
France
Vienna Settlement re-established the position of Austria-Hungary
Got Lombardy and Venetia
Had family ties with the Three Central Duchies
Unity can only be achieved by overthrowing the Austrian Power
Posed as the protector of the Papal States
French force stationed in Rome from 1848-1870
Might favor the idea of unification but then changed his mind
Pope -- had support of the Catholic Church across Western Europe
Became a barrier to unification
Any action and attempt to limit his territorial power would arouse hostility in many parts of Europe
Italian states were loosely connected
Transport was still very primitive
No economic bond between the south and the north
North: touched by industrialization
South: remained very backward
Divided into a number of city-states since the downfall of the Roman Empire
Provincial loyalty was stronger than the sense of national unity
Difference between northern and southern people
Northern: begin to acquire wealth from industry and trade
South: remained poor and agriculture
Needed leadership and strength for unification
No state was powerful enough to take the lead