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Urinary Retention (Chronic Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (Voiding Symptoms)…

- - - - back pain or sciatica (disk
        prolapse, infection, tumor)
      - Trauma
      - Metastatic cancer
    - - Stroke
      - Parkinsons dx
      - Multiple system atrophy
    - - Neurogenic bladder
      - Diabetes Mellitus
  - - - Fecal impaction
    - - Urethral stricture / Meatal stenosis (hx of STI)
      - Urethral stone
      - Phimosis
      - Paraphimosis
      - BPH
        
        digital rectal examination
        
        – persistent gross hematuria
        – bladder stones
        – recurrent UTIs
        – renal insufficiency