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Structural vs Social Action (Social Action (Symbolic Interactionism (Mead …
Structural vs Social Action
Social Action
Symbolic Interactionism
Mead - Symbols, Self, Roleplaying and Social Interaction
Blumer - Builds on Mead, Self is created in socialisation
Goffman - Dramaturgy - the idea we interpret our roles, which are in constant flux based on interaction
Gouldner- value relevance is not a bad
Weber
human behavior ca be a level of cause (objective) or a level of meaning (subjective)
4 types of action: value-rational, rational, affluent or
Phenomonology
Husserl - All meaning in society is created by the human mind
Atkinson - Impossible to know the reason behind suicide
Structural
Consensus
Functionalism
Merton - Latent Consequences - Unintended functions or consequences of a structure
Strain Theory
Durkheim - Organic Analogy - Society is like the body, where institutions are the organs, They all need to work together to successfully run
Social Solidarity
Crime
Education
Parsons - Functional Prerequisites - Basic needs of any society (Adaptation, goal attainment, integration)
Parsons - Moving Equilibrium - When one social structure shows signs of change, others change to accommodate it.
Expressive and Instrumental Roles
Merton - Manifest Consequences - Intended functions of a structure
Hirschi - Social Bonds
Conflict
Marxism
Marxism is no longer relevant in our understanding of contemporary society
Neo Marxism
Frankfurt School
Instrumental Reason - Adorno - Marx failed to explore peoples motivation for accepting capitalism
Mass Culture - Marcuse - Marx ignored importance of media as it plays a key part in population control
Gramsci - Humanist Marxist - Hegemony aka Ruling class ideas permeate society
Althusser - Structural Marxist - Society is broken into the economic, political, and ideological systems. These maintain the status quo.
Feminism
Radical Feminism
Millet - Women = exploitation > patriarchy - persuaded by patriarchal ideology that women are weak and vulnerable
Firestone - exploited due to biological differences. Women at a biological disadvantage because they undergo pregnancy and childbirth making them weak
Patriarchy underpins everything
Anti-men
Political lesbianism
Matriarchy
Liberal Feminism
March of Progress
Improvements in Society
Discrimination
Divorce
Maternity
Legal
Opportunities
First Wave Feminism
Right to Vote
1918 Right to Vote at 30
1928 Right to Vote at 21
Second Wave Feminism
1960s Workplace Rights
1961 Free Contraception
1970s Equal Pay Act
2008 - Womens Pay averaged 2/3rd mens
Third Wave Feminism
Local Forms of Feminism
Butler - Gender appears fixed, but is in fact fluid - socially constructed
Marxist Feminism
Ansley - Women are the takers of shit
Smith - saw women as reproducing a labour force and bringing up children at no cost to the capitalist society
Structuration
Giddens - Structure makes interaction possible. They are inseparable