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CONFLICTS IN THE 21ST CENTURY By: Iman Fatima (EXAMPLES OF …
CONFLICTS IN THE 21ST CENTURY
By: Iman Fatima
CAUSES OF CONFLICT
RELIGION
the "Irish Question"
Since 2003, much of the violence in Iraq has been between Sunni and Shiite Muslims
NATURAL RESOURCES
Operation Iraqi Liberation
(OIL)
#
South China Sea
IDEOLOGY
#
GLOBAL GEOPOLITICS
Often conflicts within a particular country are little more than localized global rivalries
Proxy wars fought between the West and Communist Bloc because a war between the USSR and USA could've easily led to a devastating nuclear war
TERRITORIAL
Conflict often arises when two or more groups wish to occupy the same land
HARD POWER
USE OF COERCION
Aid payments and bribes
MILITARY FORCE
AGRESSIVE
Most effective when imposed by one political body upon another of lesser military and/or economic power
SANCTIONS
Saudi Arabia, Egypt, UAE, and Bahrain impose sanction against Qatar after accusing it of supporting terrorism
U.N imposed Sanction against Russia following Crimea's annexation
SOFT POWER
PUBLIC DIPLOMACY
Create a positive image of a country in the minds of citizens of another country
CO-OPTION
Potential opponents become closely tied with one another long before an actual conflict occurs
The EU co-opted countries. E.g, France and Germany
GOVERNMENT DIPLOMACY
International negotiations that take place through formal government channels
COSTS OF CONFLICT
DAMAGE TO ENVIRONMENT
VIETNAM WAR
Use of chemical agents destroyed significant vegetation. The vegetation was unable to regenerate and left behind bare mudflats even years after spraying
DEATH OF CIVILIANS
ECONOMICS
The United States federal government has spent or obligated 4.8 trillion dollars on the wars in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq.
Source: Brown University
DISPLACEMENT
SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS
SOMALI REFUGEE CRISIS
1 million Somali people remain stranded in the Horn of Africa
1948 PALESTINIAN EXODUS
More than 700,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled from their homes, during the 1948 Palestine war
EXAMPLES OF
CONFLICT
SYRIAN CIVIL WAR
ISRAEL-PALESTINE CONFLICT
#
SUDAN CIVIL WAR
2003 INVASION OF IRAQ
COLD WAR
RWANDAN GENOCIDE
Hutu Militia in 1994
KASHMIR
NATURE OF CONFLICT
OUTCOMES
A solution is found that is acceptable to all parties :smiley:
The parties learn to live peacefully in "an adversarial
state
", without the need to proceed to an "adversarial
action
"
Some conflicts worsen to the point they become
armed conflicts
, in which each side uses force to achieve its goals
DEFINITION
Competitive or opposing action of incompatibles : antagonistic state or action (as of divergent ideas, interests, or persons)
Source: Merriam-Webster
