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Topic 4 Redemption Part 2 (4.7 Redemption in the Bible(1) (Jesus the…
Topic 4 Redemption Part 2
4.7 Redemption in the Bible(1)
Redemption is written about in a lot of scriptures as it is a fundamental belief of Christianity
The Crucifixion
"At three o'clock Jesus cried out with voice...'My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?'... Then Jesus gave a loud cry and breathed"
Mark 15:21-39
This account helps Christians to understand different ways in which the ideas of redemption and atonement can be expressed
Jesus the example
Jesus knew the pain he would have to go through at the crucifixion
He was courageous and followed the will of God
The events of the crucifixion shows what his decision cost him
His total love for God the Father and humanity, gave humanity a knew way of thinking which isn't self-centred. His actions saved humanity
Jesus the restorer
Adam represents the sin that separated humanity from God
Jesus restores that relationship by being completely obedient to God's will
Jesus the victor
In his fully human state Jesus experienced suffering and death.
He defeated death and in doing so enabled humans to share in the victory over death (receiving salvation)
The resurrection
"But go to my brothers and say to them, 'I'm ascending to my Father, and your Father, to my God and your God'"
John
The four Gospels
The statements in the 4 Gospels are statements about the effect the resurrection had on the Gospels lives
John's account mentions
Disciples didn't understand Jesus' teaching about the resurrection
They presumed his body had been stolen
Shows the idea of resurrection wasn't invented by the apostles, as they needed to be persuaded that it happened
Jesus entered had entered a new creation links to the idea that redemption makes everything perfect
Jesus was physically present when he's with Mary but there was something different about him
Mary didn't recognise him at first
4.8 Redemption in the Bible (2)
Ascension
"This Jesus, who has been taken up from you into heaven will come in the same way"
Acts
Jesus promised his disciples he would send the spirit to complete his work through them
Jesus- not visible after ascension but Jesus would complete redemption of the world at the end of time
The disciples were to be witnesses to Jesus' redeeming work
The Coming of the Holy Spirit
It's power filled the disciples
Same spirit came to Jesus at baptism
Spirit of Jesus leads his followers into a new, redeemed creation
Fire and wind often used to describe it
e.g. Old Testament fire and wind symbolise the presence of God in Exodus and Kings
It transforms the disciples
Gives them courage and ability to go out to people and proclaim news about Jesus the saviour
They help others join in Jesus' redemption
St Irenaeus
Idea
Salvation is part of God's plan for humanity
All humans affected by the rejection of the will of God (Adam and Eve)
Humanity saved by Jesus' actions and total acceptance of the will of God
Shown in the tree of the cross
This metaphor shows the parallels between Adam and Jesus particularly in the symbol of the two trees
Humans were lost when they ate of the fruit of the tree and were saved another tree (the cross Jesus died on)
Adam was disobedient, Jesus was totally obedient
Helps believers realise their sinning is rejecting God
Could doubt this as it's based on Genesis 3 which not all people agree with
St Anselm
Idea
Through sin humans reject God and refuse to give him the honour he deserves
Can only atone for this by being totally obedient to God
Jesus was always obedient to God and showed he love him
Metaphor
Jesus' obedience paid for humans sins like how slaves are freed if enough money is paid
God's justice required that Jesus suffered
His offering of his life outweighs the reflection of human sin
Some Christians think it's saying the ransom is being paid to someone greater than God
4.9 The importance of conscience for Christians
Meaning of Conscience
God through Holy Spirit guides everyone
More sins = more you block out your conscience
Guides us to be who we're supposed to be
Conscience must be educated by
Human nature
Helps guide people
Tells us to love good and avoid evil
Gift from God
Law of God
Summarised In 10 commandments and two great commandments
Teachings of Catholic Church
Guided by the Holy Spirit
Catholics can't avoid Church teachings
"Conscience is the inner voice in a man"
Youcat
Christian teachings of conscience
You must realise deep in yourself what is right
Guilt caused by not listening to your conscience
"The more right conscience holds sway, the more persons strive to be guided by the objective norms of morality"
Gaudium et Spes
Helps people to search for and live by the truth
We're called to do good and avoid evil
All believers can be affected by others conscience
Must respect that Church laws are based one the guidance of the Holy Spirit for hundreds of years
We shouldn't easily go against Church teachings
Some think humans have natural instincts that drive them along specific paths
St Thomas Aquinas said conscience is applying knowledge of good and bad to shape your actions- knowledge based on natural law
4.10 Redemption and the mass
Humans are redeemed in Christ- mass is a re-enactment and celebration of Jesus' death
Introduction to the Mass
Catholics come together to offer worship and form the body of Christ on earth
Jesus said
"For where two or three gathered in my name, I am there among them"
At the start Catholics apologies to God and eachother for the sins that separate them- strengthens unity making people 'at one' with God
The readings
Readings remind Catholics that God has guided his people through the years.
Gospel readings- Jesus demonstrates through his words and actions how God loves, heals, restores and forgives all people
The Eucharist
Offertory
People present the hosts and wine to God as a sign of thanksgiving
Eucharistic Prayer
Words of Jesus at last Supper repeated
"Take this, All of you, and eat of it, For this is my body , which will be given up for you"
At end
doxology
is said in which praise is offered to the Father
The our Father and Communion
Through Christ's redemption believers are allowed to call God the Father- They say the Our Father
Believers recieve
Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity of Christ
The end of the Mass
After through their daily actions share the presence of Christ they received in the Eucharist with everyone they meet
4.11 Different Christian understandings of the Eucharist
Catholics
Mass- source and summit of a Christians life, highest form of prayer to God
Re-enactment of crucifixion
Without receiving Eucharist Christians cannot live the full life Christ wants
Christ fully present in Eucharist
Christ's body and blood give food to the soul and sustain it
Orthodox
Called the liturgy- communal activity that the whole group are called to share in
Consecration takes place behind Holy doors as it's too Holy
Holy doors represent gateway between Heaven and Earth
Christ fully present in the Eucharist
Quakers and Salvation Army
Do not
celebrate any form of the Eucharist
Christ present through spirit only
Don't practice any sacramental rites
Gather together for prayers and wait to be inspired by Holy Spirit
Non-Conformist Christians
Bible forms at central part of their worship
Believe purpose of Eucharist is to remember Last Supper
Christ is present in the word of God- Readings from the Bible
When they recieve communion Christ enters their lives
Anglican
Some agree that during Eucharist bread and wine become body and blood
Most believe Spirit of Christ is received in communion
Christ is spiritually present but bread and wine don't literally become body and blood
Christ is present is a community that shares the Eucharist
4.12 Prayers in the Mass and adoration
Words of institution
Words spoken during the consecration of the Eucharist=
"Take this, All of you, and eat of it, For this is my body , which will be given up for you"
Consecration- The bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ- They
ARE
Jesus' body and blood
The Agnus Dei
Said shortly after communion
"Lamb of God you take away the sins of the world have mercy on us"
For Christians Jesus is the new Lamb of God. His death and blood destroyed the power of sin and death . Everyone has been save by the blood of Jesus, the Lamb of God
Eucharistic Adoration
Some Catholics receive the Eucharist on their tongue as they believe it is too holy to touch and to remind them they're not dealing with normal bread
Some pray in front of the tabernacle as they believe real presence of Christ is there
Benediction
When the consecrated host is exposed in a monstrance
Monstrance- Large holder in which a large host is placed upright
Service when the presence of Christ in the Eucharist is praised. At the end of the service people bless the real presence