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Congenital anomaly (Etiology (Environment (Nutrition (Deficiency of one or…

- - - - Double muscling
      - Tibial hemimelia
      - Prevent polled intersex goat - strict practice of must hv one horned in breeding pairs
      - Selective breeding spread mutant genes
      - X-linked muscle dystrophy in Golden and Labrador
  - - - Veratrum californicum: cyclopamine - prolonged gestation, giantism
      - Nicotiana glauca: cleft palate, contracture
    - - Expose at early life: fetal death, mid/late: defects
      - Pestivirus
        
        Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV): cerebellar hypoplasia, brachygnathia, hydroencephalus
        
        Feline panleukemia virus: cerebellar hypoplasia in kitten
        
        Blue tongue virus: arthrogryposis, proencephaly in sheep
    - - Deficiency of one or more nutrient during pregnancy
      - Iodine: goiter/cretinism
      - Vit D: rickets
      - Vit A: ocular defects
      - Manganese: deformity of limbs
      - Copper: ataxia