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Conjunctions A (SUBORDINATING (REASON /CONCESSION (as, inasmuch as, why,…
Conjunctions A
SUBORDINATING
REASON /CONCESSION
as, inasmuch as, why, because, for, since, though, although, albeit
SINCE
you won't come, I can't help you.
He decided to buy it
ALTHOUGH
it was expensive.
She won
BECAUSE
she worked hard.
PURPOSE /RESULT
that, so that, in order that, such that
We met
SO THAT
we could discuss the project.
He sang so loudly
THAT
he became hoarse.
CONDITION /ASSUMPTION
if, though, unless, except, without, once
ONCE
we agree on a plan, we can begin.
You must attend the next meeting
UNLESS
you have a good reason not to.
I'll come
IF
I can afford it.
MANNER
as if, as though
He swaggers around the office
AS THOUGH
he were an executive.
TIME
since, until, as long as, before, after, when, as, while
WHILE
we waited, it began to snow.
The tire went flat
AS
we turned the corner.
We'll start
AS SOON AS
everyone is here.
They returned
AFTER
the meeting.
APPOSITIONS
and, or, what, that
The buffalo,
OR
American bison, was nearly extinct.
COMPARISON /DEGREE
than, as, else, otherwise, rather, as much as, as far as, as well as
Is a dog less clever
THAN
a cat?
These amateurs play better
THAN
the professionals.
INDIRECT QUESTIONS
whether, why, when
He could not say
WHETHER
we were going the right way.
Conjunctive Phrase
=
DEP Clause + IND Clause
No Antecedent, Not a Pronoun/Adverb
COORDINATING
JOIN EQUAL IN RANK:
2x Nouns/Verbs/Phrases/Clauses
Single words
CORRELATIVE:
Used in pairs to join successive clauses to complete a thought
as-as, if-then, neither-nor, both-and, where-there, so-as, not only-but also
Must precede equal parts of speech:
They
NOT ONLY
read...
BUT
also saw...
COPULATIVE/ADDITIVE:
2nd element adds fact related to 1st element
One was fired
, AND
the other was promoted.
The party was
NO LESS
fun
THAN
the race itself.
and, also, moreover, no less than
FINAL/ILATIVE:
2nd element give reason for 1st element/consequence
consequently, for, hence, so, thus, therefore, as a consequence, as a result, so that, so then
He betrayed the king
; THEREFORE
he was banished. It's time to leave
, SO
let's go.
DISJUNCTIVE/SEPARATIVE:
only 1 statement = true
either, or, else, but, nor, neither, otherwise, other
The bird is
EITHER
a heron
OR
a crane.
You can wear the blue cat
OR
the green one.
ADVERSATIVE /CONTRASTING:
2nd element qualifies 1st
but, still yet, nevertheless
The song is sad
BUT
inspiring.
She won
, YET
she is still not happy.
DEFINITION
SIMPLE (single words):
FANBOYS + though
COMPOUNDS
Single words combined:
although, because, nevertheless, notwithstanding, unless
Phrasal Conjunctions:
as though, inasmuch as, in case, provided that, so that, supposing that
CONNECTS
Words:
We're making progress slowly
BUT
surely. He
AND
she are colleagues.
Clauses:
I said hello,
BUT
no one answered.
Sentences:
My daughter graduated in 2017.
AND
my son will graduate the following year.
BEGINNING SENTENCE
But:
Okay only IF idea truly contrasts preceding idea.
Okay to start sentence w/
and, but, so, however
However:
More ponderous, less impact than but. Better to use
within
sentence to emphasize preceding idea:
The job was great. Soon,
HOWEVER
, things changed.
ADVERBS AS
RELATIVE PRONOUNS AS
EXPLETIVE
DISGUISED