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What can research learn from journalism, science (academia) and…

- - - - Journalism
        
        The rise of user generated content has led to citizen journalism, in some form, becoming part of the mainstream
        
        A more forensic approach has been adopted, driven by the increased volume of information and range of sources
        
        The rise in "fake news" has led to a mistrust of journalism, at a time when wider organisational trust is at an all-time low and journalism is most needed
        
        The average time that a user of a news website spends any given day is only a fifth of what they might spend reading the paper, because consumers of news hop around to wherever they find information they want or journalists they like. With increased access to news from the workplace and mobile devices, consumers may actually spend more time reading the news today than they did ten years ago.
      - Science (Academia)
      - Research
        
        Reviewing culture developed (e.g. Tripadvisor)
      - Information Design
    - - Journalism
        
        Democratisation of resources (occupying a greater role as providers of opposing opinions)
        
        Technological development (journalists become more tech savvy)
      - Science (Academia)
      - Research
        
        ‘The most important data is the data you don’t have, not the exhaust data that’s already behind you’. ‘Every single person I talked to said you cannot do this, you cannot give control of the research process to the user,’ says Smith. ‘But [the academics] said it was beautiful. We basically got some of the brightest minds in the world using Qualtrics. And teaching people.’
        
        “The ability to effectively ‘tell a story’ with research findings was the No. 1 skill set identified as required by future leaders to address the emerging challenges of our industry. So it’s no coincidence that data visualization is considered to be a discipline likely to realize greatest growth during the next five years, second only to predictive analytics.”
        
        A successful convergence is likely to start with the predictive analytics discipline. Nearly two-thirds of all leaders surveyed believe predictive analytics will experience the greatest growth, as a discipline within market intelligence, during the next five years. While often characterized as a supporting function, predictive analytics was nevertheless identified as having the greatest impact on future transformation of the industry and its players.
        
        Social media analytics has undergone a sweeping paradigm shift from its humble beginnings nearly a decade ago. This subsegment is no longer exclusive to aggregation but has taken an active approach by forging actionable insights with the unsolicited data it collects. This trend will only become more aggressive and methodologically innovative as time goes on.
      - Information Design
    - - Journalism
        
        Identifying hidden truths
        
        Information empowerment
        
        Information verification
        
        Storytelling
      - Information Design
      - Research :
        
        Information interpretation
        
        Information aggregation
        
        Disseminating strategically valuable information
        
        Objective measurement
      - Science (Academia)
    - - Research
        
        Volume of noise (data)
        
        Limited understanding of how to extract insight from passive data collection
        
        Declining response rates (traditional surveys)
        
        Higher volume and complexity of data + shorter deadlines = insights of limited strategic value
      - Journalism
        
        News cyclone (time)
        
        Citizen journalism (participatory)
        
        Bias
        
        Volume of noise (clickbait)
      - Science (Academia)
      - Information Design
  - - - 1800s
        
        Newspapers reported the lurid details of the corruption and graft, but it was the political cartoons drawn by Thomas Nast that were permanently etched in the minds of citizens. Nast, a Republican and a cartoonist for Harper’s Weekly, was deeply disturbed at the level of corruption in the Tweed administration and began a campaign to discredit him.
        Newspapers throughout this era, while staunchly partisan, were important fora to communicate prominent issues to the public. The enormous corruption provided instant fodder for the press, but it also ensured that newspapers and journalists upheld the ideals of the fourth estate – to question government and to keep it accountable.
        The most significant development was in reach - it moved from one or two percent of the men to a majority, and newspapers became the primary means of political education
      - 1900s
        
        Newspapers and print journalism would be a mainstay throughout the century, but changing technology would damage its monopoly over the dissemination of information. The development of radio provided broadcasts for the first time in America, and World War I created a need for a nationwide broadcast system that would lay the ground for this new source of news. The medium was a popular choice of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in his fireside chats, and came to be one of the trusted sources of news in America.
        However, it was the development of television that proved to be most significant in the fate of newspapers. Broadcast television offered something that radio and newspapers could not: live video, and it was this ability that drew audiences to the new medium. The major radio corporations moved their operations to the television, creating evening news broadcasts that became a top source of news in the 1950s.
        Newspapers reached a theoretical height of excellence in the early 1970s – never before had a president of the United States resigned in scandal, and the investigation was conducted almost entirely by newspaper journalists. However, the velocity of news would increase dramatically with the development of new mediums including cable news and the internet, and newspapers faced increasingly stiff competition in their basic business.
      - 1700s
        
        "In the following pages I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments, and common sense; and have no other preliminaries to settle with the reader, than that he will divest himself of prejudice and prepossession, and suffer his reason and his feelings to determine for themselves; that he will put on, or rather that he will not put off, the true character of a man, and generously enlarge his views beyond the present day."
        Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1775
        The newspaper was becoming so popular that publishers began to print daily issues. The newspaper strictly restricted itself to the publication of news and facts without opinion pieces, and was able to avoid political interference through raising revenue by selling advertising space in its columns
      - 2000s
        
        The internet is merely a tool to connect people together, but it was the development of new modes of communication that would truly revolutionize the dissemination of news. Web logs, later known as blogs, became an immensely popular way for everyday citizens to update the world about their lives and news – democratizing the news reporting function outside of the small elite of journalists that had previously controlled the media. These blogs linked to articles and provided immediate opinions and analysis, and represented an entirely new way to report on news than previously seen.
        In the past few years, the development of social networking sites like Twitter and Facebook have connected people like never before, and ushered in the era of social media. Articles today are increasingly coming from diverse locations and spread by the recommendations of one’s friends. These changes have fundamentally altered the nature of the newspaper industry, representing something of a paradigm shift in how journalists have traditionally functioned.
        The rise of the Internet and cable news has completely transformed the economic situation. No longer could newspapers expect to be the biggest beneficiaries from reporting a story. As soon as an outfit like The New York Times reports a new story, cable news networks and bloggers can move quickly to cover the story – with much of the profit of the hard work of newspaper reporters going to other players. This is one the primary drivers behind the trend that there are now less than .5 newspapers per household in the United States, fewer than there were in the 1800s.
      - 1600s
        
        17th-century English readers especially loved broadsides, which were single-topic fliers of songs, advertisements and announcements that were sold on the street and often written anonymously.
        From the 15th century onward, everyday English people passed broadsides around, sang their songs, and gossiped about the news contained within.
        Unlike books or early newspapers, broadsides and pamphlets were not curated nor intended for a specific, upper-class audience. This early form of journalism and storytelling was sold on the cheap, and many took no time at all to read.