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**NEURODEGENERATIVE: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : :red_flag: Caused by…
**NEURODEGENERATIVE: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS : :red_flag: Caused by demyelination of axons throughout the brain and spinal cord
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MEMORY:
Impairment was also related to other cognitive dysfunction; socio economic status, chronic progressive type MS and use of anti-anxiety medication- but not severity or duration of MS, or depression
MOTOR CONTROL
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Ataxia- in the trunk and lower extremities- important as this is where postural responses occur before upper limb movements
Tremor – intention tremor most common. Occurs in upper extremities and mainly fingers, hands and wrist
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VISION
Early symptoms may be optic neuritis (inflammation of optic nerve)– blurred vision, greying of vision, blindness in one eye, pain
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May affect visual tracking, scanning and acuity
PAIN
Nociceptive pain:
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Includes: lower back pain, neck pain, pain caused by spasticity and muscle spasm, pressure areas. Sensitive to heat.
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Significantly impacts on participation in self-care, leisure and productivity, quality of life, sleeping, relationships and more likely linked with anxiety and depression
Chronic dysesthesia - an unpleasant abnormal sensation whether evoked or spontaneous e.g. sensation of burning pain or shooting electrical sensations.
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FATIGUE
Primary MS fatigue:
Directly due to the disease process but cause poorly understood - dysregulation of immune system, changes in the nervous system, neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter changes
Secondary MS fatigue:
Fatigue due to poor sleep - muscle spasms, depression, urinary problems
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Fatigue due to impairments such as weakness, spasticity
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It has physical, cognitive and affective elements