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Responsibility to Protect (R2P) # (Pillars of R2P (Responsibility to React…
Responsibility to Protect (R2P) #
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Alternative perspectives
Language of R2P has connotations of Western Imperialism following the inadequacies and overreaches in Libya.
R2P doctrine is not 'new international law' rather and extension and solidification of norms and conventions long established.
Case Studies
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Cote d'Ivoire
Background
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UNSCR 1975 (March 2011):
Recognises Ouattara (the challenger) as president, condemned Gbagbo (incumbent) for refusal to accept a resolution.
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Analysis
Use of force by UN peacekeepers/French troops blurs lines between civilian protection and regime change.
Raises concerns over the UN overriding Cote d'Ivoire's Constitutional Council in determining disputed election victor; neutrality and impartiality in UN peacekeeping.
Importance of regional institutions: The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) led on the crisis whilst the UNSC followed behind; widespread agreement/common position encouraged support for UNSCR 1975 from Russia, China, Brazil and India.
Eastern Congo
Background
United Nations Organisation Stabilisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUSCO) already present to provide civilian protection in Eastern Congo.
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Analysis
R2P is dependent on Great Powers and their military power projection, to be able to proactively respond to threats.
Resulting events in East Congo (arrest of CNDP leader and relative calming of tensions) suggest that EU forces would have changed little.
Darfur (Sudan)
Background
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2007 - With consent of Sudan, major UN peacekeeping force implemented.
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