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Pharmacokinetics (Distribution (Physiological properties of drug (lipid…
Pharmacokinetics
Distribution
fat/ muscle % of individuals
More in muscle
less in plasma
PDC low
more in fats
more in plasma
high PDC
Physiological properties of drug
lipid solubility
molecule size
membrane permeability
Plasma protein binding
more plasma binding
higher the PDC
because it stays in plasma compartment
Tissue binding
more tissue binding
longer half life
higher the Vd
higher extent of distribution
Body weight
can affect Vd
Excretion
Disease state of organs involved
Blood flow towards kidney
a lot drug
more drugs can be excreted
Physiochemical properties of drug/ inactive metabolites
hydrophilic excreted more easily
pH urine
ionised
so it does not get absorbed back
acidic drugs for example
make alkali pH
so it gets ionised
thus excreted easily
basic drug for example
make acidic pH
so it gets ionised
thus excreted easily
Metabolism
enzyme activity
higher enzyme activity
higher rate of metabolism
hence decrease PDC of drug
Disease state
liver disease
lower enzyme activity
Drug/ food interaction
fight for the same enzyme
PDC decreases
Absorbtion
Patient factor
heavier blood flow
absorbs drug more
First pass metabolism
Disease state
enzyme activity in liver/ gut
Drug factor
particle size
lipid solubility
Drug/ food interactions
enzyme activity
transporters in the gut
affects first pass metabolism
GI motility
contipation
more drugs absorbed
Diarrhoea
less drug absorbed