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HOMICIDE CCJ114 (WEEK 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE CRIME EVENT (HOMICIDE (GLOBAL…

- - - - place
      - weapon
      - type
      - motive
      - highest rate per 1000,000 is south Africa
    - - media
      - history
      - culture
      - religion
      - social/demographic
    - - corporate killing
      - death by driving
      - deaths in custody/arrest
    - - dark figures
        
        establishing of mode of death
        
        missing people
        
        missing corpses
        
        open verdicts
    - - HOMICIDE
        
        lawful
        
        war
        
        police
        
        self defence
        
        death penalty
        
        sport
        
        unlawful
        
        murder
        
        causing death through omission or action
        
        intent to kill
        
        intent to cause grievous bodily harm
        
        premedation
        
        intent to kill
        
        culpability
        
        full respocibility
        
        manslaughter
        
        voluntary
        
        killing stems from
        
        provocation
        
        diminished responsibility
        
        suicide pact
        
        intention to kill
        
        involuntary
        
        accidental/ absence of intent
        
        some respocibility
        
        reckless/gross negligence
        
        unlawful dangerous act
        
        infanticide
        
        killing by mother
        
        child<1yo
        
        treated as v mans
        
        intent
        
        mens rea / guilty mind
        
        premediatation
        
        culpability
        
        responcibility
        
        mental capacity
  - - - male offender 90%
      - male victim 70%
    - - child offender rare 254 in last 10 years
      - 21-35yo highest victim
      - 31-35yo peak of offending
    - - residential highest
      - drug and alcohol use
    - - knives mosy
      - gun least
    - - no occupation victim 53%
- - - - children killing children
      - abduction rare
      - rare often involve older kids
    - - maternal
        
        neonatacide
        
        <1 day
        
        infanticide
        
        <1 year
      - paternal
        
        neonatacide
        
        infanticide
        
        fatal child abuse
        
        usually father/step
        
        history of abuse
        
        violent homes
        
        no intent to kill
        
        fillicide/ suicide
        
        familicide
        
        intentional
        
        spousal revenge
  - - - mother
      - young kids
      - less violent
    - - father/step/stranger
      - older kids
      - violent
    - - 5% fatal assault or neglect
      - 94% parent/step
      - DV 56%
      - 25% fatal child abuse
  - - - mental illness
      - common among mothers
    - - cant cope/stress
      - family/social stress
    - - parental investment
    - - proximity of kids
    - - mens masculinity
  - - - birth?
      - body?
      - unreported detected
- - - - blood stain pattern analysis
        
        gravity
        
        splatter
        
        transfer
        
        altered
        
        void
    - - skin
  - - - judge decides
      - relevant reliable
      - scientific methodology
    - - accepted by scientific community
- - - - multi victims
      - single episode
      - single location
      - example columbine
    - - multiple victims
      - extended time less than 30 days
      - different locations
      - context of single event
      - no cool off period
      - aka rampage killing
      - rare, example Port Arthur
    - - multi victim
      - extendedperiods
      - separate events
      - multi locations
      - similar subject or purpose
      - ivan milat
  - - - abnormal
      - cant cope
    - - classprotest
- - - - 2008-10 68% of homicide
      - aboriginal 10x higher than non
      - most victims female
    - - risk factors
        
        seperation
        
        history of DV
        
        order breaches
        
        esculation of violence
        
        stalking
        
        access to weapons
        
        family stress
        
        child custody
        
        new born
        
        alchole drug use
        
        sexual violence
        
        threats
        
        mental health
        
        criminal history
        
        unemployed
        
        fear level
      - assess risk
        
        unstructured clinical
        
        professionals
        
        professional judgement
        
        both
        
        actuarial approach
        
        police
      - death review
  - - - intimate 18%
      - family 14%
      - friends/acq 33%
      - strangers 23%
      - other 12%
      - male on male killing
        
        confrontational
        
        victim/ instigator
        
        spontanouse
        
        challanged
        
        revenge
        
        planned
        
        history
        
        wrongdoing
        
        why?
        
        character contest
        
        evolutionary
        
        doing masculinity
        
        sub culture
    - - intimates 38%
      - family 29%
      - friends 22%
      - strangers 5%
      - others 5%
      - stranger
      - Intimate partner
        
        possessiveness/ control
        
        sudden rage
        
        why?
        
        proximal precipitation
        
        argument
        
        confrontation
        
        distal perception
        
        frequent severe abuse
        
        delayed reaction
    - - domination
      - coercesion
      - power
      - control
- - - - preserve life
      - preserve scene
      - secure evidence
        
        Edmond Locards theory
        
        call forensics
      - ID suspects
        
        70% self solvers
        
        police inference
        
        ID at responce
        
        ID by witneses
        
        profile
      - ID victim
        
        pathologist
        
        autopsy
        
        coroner
        
        witness
      - homicide?
      - MANAGE RESOURCES
        
        set up command center
        
        staffing
        
        finances
        
        ACPO SCALE, UK
        
        A, child police victim, murder, publicoutcry
        
        B, offender not known
        
        C, offender is known
        
        community input statement
        
        assign roles
        
        family liaison officer
      - ID scene
        
        last scene alive
        
        intial contact
        
        attack scene
        
        murder scene
        
        body dump
    - - formalise intial responce
      - lines of inquiry
      - BUILD CASE
        
        concetrate or discard evidence
        
        suspect exist
        
        usually ID in intial responce
        
        interview search suspects
        
        provide evidence to charge
      - SUSPECT DEVELOPMENT
        
        no obvious suspect
        
        case dependant lines of enquiry
        
        no detail from victim or scene
        
        trace and interview, eleminate
        
        hard to eliminate suspects
      - CASE MANAGEMENT
        
        file evidence for prosecution
        
        manage case through CJS
        
        prep evidence
        
        consult barrister
        
        most routine phase
    - - detectives inference and interpret evidence
        
        facts of case
      - legislation, rules, guidlines
      - search for proof not truth
      - beyond reasonable doubt not absolute proof
      - evidence
        
        intent
        
        motive
  - - - welcomed in tough cases
      - media breif
      - appeal for witneses
      - fed enough to keep alive
      - press officer
      - OBJECTIVES
        
        notify public
        
        get info
        
        manage info given
        
        hold back unique facts
        
        feed back loop
      - work with journos
        
        prevent private investigation
    - - young
      - white
      - female
      - good family
  - - - no suspect charged
      - suspect acquitted
    - - INITIAL RESPONSE
        
        overlooked evidence
        
        contaminated forensic evidence
        
        info overload/ to many lines of inquiry
        
        following inaccurate leads
        
        ignoring leads
      - ONGOING INVESTIGATION
        
        under staffing
        
        overworked
        
        lack of supervision
        
        budget pressure
        
        compliance drift
        
        short cuts
        
        avoid standard practice
      - POLICE CULTURE
        
        stereo typing
        
        racism
        
        pessimism
        
        cynicism
        
        machismo
        
        suspicion
    - - victim unknown
      - ID unknown
    - - confirmatory bias
      - stereotype
      - mis id of suspect
      - pressure
      - compliance drift
- - - - intutive
      - experience
      - classify crimescene
      - personality link
    - - search patterns
      - case link, geographical,stats
      - scientific
    - - deduction
      - crime reconstruct
      - victimology
      - science
    - - clinical experience
      - clinical
      - psychoanalytical
  - - - location
        
        transport body
        
        display conceal victim
      - weapon
        
        of choice
        
        brings/takes
      - trophy
        
        relive crime
        
        give to other
        
        no tangible value
      - amputation
        
        hinder ID
      - clothing
        
        remove/taken
        
        hinder id
        
        trophy
      - penis penetration
        
        sex
      - torture
        
        prior to death
        
        psch/phys
      - physical evidence
        
        little if any
      - PROFILE
        
        18-45YO
        
        married/partner
        
        normal/superior intelligence
        
        middle class
        
        well built
        
        lives away from scene
        
        outgoing
        
        socially competant
        
        traditional male job
        
        ladies man
        
        follow media
        
        dresses well
        
        no remorse
    - - scene close to home
      - no effort to conceal body
      - no transport
      - weapon opportunity
        
        not disposed off
      - take trophy for fantasy
      - bite marks
      - uncontrolled attack
      - dissect body
      - anthropophagy
      - evidence left at scene
      - ritualism
      - PROFILE
        
        loner
        
        socially inadequate
        
        considered weird
        
        underachiever
        
        compulsive
        
        poor hygiene
        
        nocturnal
        
        lives close
        
        unemployed
        
        same race as victim,
        
        single
  - - - physical deficiency
        
        Lombrossco
        
        features
        
        body type
      - Hereditary and genetics
        
        twins
        
        extra chromosomes
      - HORMONES
        
        testosterone
        
        pre menstrual syndrome
      - BRAIN and nervous system
        
        abnormal
        
        damaged
        
        heart rate
      - environmental induced
        
        drugs and alcohol
        
        nutrition
    - - psychoanaylis
        
        freud
        
        ego
        
        id
        
        superego
        
        mental illness/disturbance
        
        weak conscience
      - EVOLUTIONARY
      - PERSONALITY
        
        Eysencks learning theory
        
        expressive vs instrumental
        
        over controlled under controlled
        
        mental disorder and illness
      - social and cognitive psychology
        
        social
        
        situation
        
        prompts
        
        permitted
        
        scripts
        
        social learning theory
        
        Bandura 1973
        
        cognition
        
        how and why react to environment
- - - - voluntary
      - involuntary
    - - deceased is dead
      - the accused killed, they caused it
      - intent, intent GBH
  - - - provocation
      - diminished responsibility
      - abusive domestic
  - - - care
      - in charge of another
      - in charge of dangerous things
      - dangerous things
- - - - to prevent serious crime
      - when less means are not suffient
      - self defence, defence of others
    - - unlawful killing Criminal code 1899 sec.291
      - murder unlawful killls, intent to kill cause GBH CC1899 sec.302
      - manslaughter unlawful kill, doesnt constitute murder CC1899 SEC.303
    - - CC1899 SEC.288, duty while doing dangerouse act
      - reasonable skill, reasonable care
    - - other 66%
      - gun 19%
      - self inflicted gun 15%
  - - - public place
      - after domestic
    - - male
      - avg 33yo
      - 50% alc or drugs
      - 1/3 depressed psych history
  - - - internal review
      - coronal inquest
        
        justified?
        
        other means?
        
        threat?
        
        training?
      - AIC national death in custody program
    - - increased training
      - alternative weapons
- - - - safe
      - no foul play
    - - ransom
      - molested
      - murder
      - predator
    - - bad experience
      - returned home
      - no serious harm
    - - initial phase
      - missing child
      - RAPID RESPONSE
        
        canvass
        
        search
        
        check files
      - MEDIA
        
        helpful
    - - rare
      - usually 11 yo girls
      - initial contact close to child home
      - victims of opportunity
      - motive sexual assault
      - offender stranger
      - young girls
        
        friends/ acquaintance
      - other ages/strangers
    - - 20s
      - unmarried
      - live with parents
      - unemployed
      - criminal history
      - live work in area
    - - close to home
      - murder site close to body dump
      - body concealed
      - id site important
    - - supervise
      - public campaign
      - stranger danger
      - missing kids reported ASAP
  - - - opportunity
      - capability
      - motivation
    - - senior investigating officer
        
        forensic arm
        
        investigative arm
        
        victimology
        
        profiles
        
        intelligence arm
    - - crime scene id
      - insightful motive development
      - evidence based suspect development
      - thorough victimology
      - strategic media strategy
      - setting meeting objectives
      - effective info management
      - productive briefings
      - public assistance management
      - thorough exhibit management
      - targeted expert consult
      - info security
      - INHIBITORS
        
        open shut case syndrome
        
        contaminated evidence
        
        tunnel vision
        
        info overload
        
        police misconduct / behavior
        
        financial mismanagement
- - - - social disorg theory
        
        shaw and mckay 1969
        
        CSC
        
        transition zones
      - strain theory
        
        merton 1938
        
        cultural goals
        
        means of achieving
      - poverty lack of opportunity
        
        absolute deprivation
        
        relative deprivation
      - resources
    - - missing link between cultural and structural theories
      - VICTIMOLOGY
        
        1948 von hertig victim prone
        
        1958 wolfgang victim perception
        
        typology
        
        culpability and provocation
        
        complete innocent
        
        fully responsible
        
        criminal victim interaction
      - THIRD PARTY
        
        witness
        
        audience
        
        different roles
        
        instigate
        
        esculate
        
        mediate
        
        can intervene
      - SITUATIONAL DYNAMICS
        
        symbolic interact ism
        
        saving face
        
        character contest
        
        abstain withdaraw
        
        interpret situation
      - MICRO ENVIRONMENT
        
        temporal
        
        spatial
        
        alcohol
        
        drugs
        
        weapons
    - - value, ideas of group
      - competing what is wrong and right
      - Miller 1958 gang delinquency
      - Wolfgang 1967 sub culture of violence