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Hypertension (Major Clinical Manifestations (Hypertension is sustained…
Hypertension 
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Pharmacological
Diuretics, Beta Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
Risks and Implications
- Some common side effects of these medications are: bradycardia, dizziness, hypotension, headache, drowsiness, and dizziness.
- These medications should be taken directly as prescribed. Blood pressure should be frequently monitored.
Stroke, heart attack, or death.
Nursing Care
Patient Education:
- Smoking cessation
- Diet changes
- Weight reduction
- Exercise Regimen
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High sodium intake, Obesity, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption
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Renin that is produced by the kidney is responsible for converting renin substrate (angiotensinogen) to angiotensin I which is converted to angiotensin II in the lungs by angiotensin enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and thus causes a rise in blood pressure.
Malignant hypertension: Is present when there is a sustained or sudden rise in diastolic blood pressure exceeding 120mm/Hg, with accompanying evidence of damage to organs such as eyes, brain, heart, and kidneys. Malignant hypertension is a medical emergency and requires immediate therapy and hospitalization.
Secondary: Caused by underlying condition and tends to appear suddenly and causes higher blood pressure than primary.
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Illegal drug: Cocaine, amphetemines
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Medication: Birth control pills, cold remedies, decongestants, over the counter pain relievers, certain prescription drugs, illegal drugs,
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Primary (essential): no identifiable causes, develops over time and there is no medical cause. By far the most common type, seen in 90 to 95 % of patients
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Increased production of catecholamines(epinephrine and norepinephrine) or increased receptor reactivity involving these neurotransmitters causes overactivity of the SNS. This increase activity causes increased heart rate and systemic vasoconstriction, thus increasing blood pressure