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Factors effecting accuracy of eyewitness testimony (Anxiety (In a state of…
Factors effecting accuracy of eyewitness testimony
Misleading Information
Loftus and Palmer
Findings
The estimated speed was affected by the verb used.
Pps who were asked the “smashed” question thought the cars were going faster than those who were asked the “hit” question.
Evaluation
lacks ecological validity
lacks mundane realism
video doesn't have the same emotional impact as witnessing a real-life accident
results cant be generalised
used students as participants.
Students are not representative of the general population .
easy to replicate
used laboratory experiment which followed a standardised procedure.
Procedure
45 US students
Pps shown slides of a car accident involving a number of cars and asked to acxt as eye witnesses to the crash
Asked specific questions,
Independent measures design
lab experiment with five conditions
“How fast were the cars going when they (hit/smashed/collided/bumped/contacted ) each other?”
Conclusion
leading questions affect the accuracy of EWT
Anxiety
In a state of anxiety, we tend to focus on whatever is making us feel anxious
we exclude other information about the situation.
Post-event discussion is a potential source of misleading information where witnesses discuss what they saw after an event.