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Definitions of Abnormality (Statistical infrequency (Weaknesses (Fails to…
Definitions of Abnormality
Statistical infrequency
when a person's trait is rare or statistically unusual = abnormal
e.g IQ above/below statistical average
Strengths
definition provides a distinct way to define abnormality
Weaknesses
Fails to distinguish between desirable and undesirable behavior
'abnormal' implies undesireable but high IQ is seen as a positive gift
Some characteristics are regarded as abnormal even though they are quite frequent.
Deviation from Social Norms
behavior = abnormal if it doesnt fit in with what society deems normal
weaknesses
cultural relativism
social norms vary between cultures
lacks temporal validity
norms can vary over time.
Failure to Function Adequately
Person in unable to perform standard tasks within everyday life
e.g getting out of bed in the morning, holding down a job
Rosenhan & Seligman
suggested seven criteria that are typical of FFA.
unpredictably (displaying unexpected behaviours and loss of control)
and irrationality among others.
personal distress (e.g. anxiety or depression)
The more features of personal dysfunction a person has the more they are considered abnormal.
use the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF)
To assess how well individuals cope with everyday life,
GAF rates their level of social, occupational and psychological functioning.
Evaluation
The definition provides a practical checklist of seven criteria individuals can use to check their level of abnormality.
Cultural relativism = what may be seen as functioning adequately in one culture may not be adequate in another.
Deviation from Ideal Mental Health
Jahoda
suggested six criteria necessary for ideal mental health.
High self-esteem and a strong sense of identity
Having self-respect and a positive self-concept
Growth, development or self-actualisation
: Experiencing personal growth
Autonomy
Being independent and able to make personal decisions
Resistance to stress
Having effective coping strategies for everyday anxiety
Accurate perception of reality
Having a realistic view of the world