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Gait (Major Points in Gait Cycle (Mid Stance, Heel Off, Foot Flat, Toe Off…
Gait
Major Points in Gait Cycle
Mid Stance
Heel Off
Foot Flat
Toe Off
Heel Contact
Mid Swing
Heel Contact
Elderly
Low step length
Longer duration of each gait cycle
Low velocity
Small cadence
59% stance - 20yrs (41% swing)
63% stance - 70yrs (37% swing)
Toddlers
High Cadence
Wide step width (bos) until 4yrs old
Step length small
Walk independently between 11 - 15 months
Velocity increases rapidly up to 3.5yrs
Why Study Gait
Identify causes for some musculoskeletal diseases
Identify causes of some musculo-skeletal injuries
Improve function in the disabled
Optimise functions in elite athletes
Basic understanding of human motion
5 Major Motor Functions During Gait Cycle
Control of foot trajectory
Generation of mechanical energy for forward velocity
Maintenance of upright posture and balance of total body (horizontal)
Absorption of mechanical energy for shock absorption and stability
Maintenance of body support during stance (vertical)
Quantitatively Analyse Gait
Kinetics
Ground reaction, forces, joint moments, energy
Electromyography
Muscle activations
Temoral-spatial relationships
walking speed, cadence, stride length
Kinematics
Joint angles, joint angular velocities and accelarations
Temporal Characteristics
Walking
Step
1 step = Foot strike of one limb to foot strike of the other limb
Stride
Stride Time (s) = Stance duration + swing duration