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Biomechanics of Swimming (Forces (Drag, Thrust, Buoyancy, Weight),…
Biomechanics of Swimming
Flow States
Turbulent
Laminar
Streamlining
Goal is to eliminate flow separation and minimize total drag Fd
Reduces drag by reducing F.d.pressure at the cost of increasing wetted surface area and Fdfriction
Friction and Pressure Drag
Fully submerged body, fluid dynamic forces are comprised of pressure and friction effects.
Frictional Drag
Resistance due to frictional drag is relatively small.
Wave Drag
Wave drag is dependent on the ratio of speed to the length of the body
Forces
Drag
Thrust
Buoyancy
Weight
Balance and Equalibrium
Centre of gravity:
Centre of buoyancy
Buoyancy
Fluid
Water is 830x denser and 70x more viscous than water
Body Shape
Form Drag
Influenced by:
Body shape and orientation
Fluid density
Cross sectional area
Area
Fpressure = 1/2 Cp.p.A.V^2