STEM CELLS

Indications

Current

Future

Hereditary diseases

Immune deficiency syndromes

Solid tumor malignancies

Genetic disorders

hematologic malignancies

CVA

Critical limb ischaemia / claudication

MI / CHF

Endstage liver disease

DM

Neurologic degenerative disorders

Bone disorders

Acute lung injury

Brain & Sp. cord injury, etc

BIODATA

Definition

Characteristics

Types

STEM CELLS
a cell that has the ability to continuously divide and differentiate (develop) into various other kinds of cells/tissues


-->allow them to replace death cells, defective cells/tissues in diseased patients.

capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long period of time (proliferation and renewal)

Totipotent

Pluripotent

Multipotent

Early embryos cells (D1-D3)
can develop into a complete new organism/individual (identical twins)
ICSI use this

Undiff. inner cell mass of blastocyst (D5-D14)
can form any of over 200 different cell types found in the body, except placenta and extra-embryonic tissues

Derived from fetal tissue, cord blood, adult stem cells, tissue specific stem cells, (D14 and beyond)
can form a number of other tissues (limited differentiation)

Adult stem Cells
=undifferentiated cells found among specialized or differentiated cells in a tissue or organ after birth
eg: skin, fat cells, BM, brain

Embryonic Germ Cells
=derived from part of human embryo or fetus that will ultimately produce eggs or sperms(gametes)

APPLICATION

BM transplant

  1. Adult stem cells


  2. found in spongy bone where blood cells form.

  3. used to replace damaged or destroyed BM with healthy BM stem cells.
  4. ttt pt with leukemia, aplastic anemia, lymphomas.
  1. Procedure:
  2. Tissue matching
  3. extraction of BM from donor pelvis.
  4. Recepient undergo chemo--destroy all malignant blood cells.
  5. filter donor's marrow to increase ratio of stem cells.
  6. IV transfusion to recepient.*

Umbilical cord stem cells

  1. Wharton's jelly.
  2. adult stem cells of infant origin.
  3. less invasive than BM
  4. greater compatibility
    5 Less expensive
  1. 3 important functions:
    1. Plasticity: Potential to change to other cell types like nerve cells.
    2. Homing. To travel to the site of tissue damage.
    3. Engraftment. To unite with other tissues.

Tissue repair

heart muscle

useful to study how heart works, can genetically manipulate the cells to study how disease develop, and for drug screening in pharmaceutical development/

Heart Disease

inject adult BM stem cells into the heart--> believed to improve cardiac function in HF or heart attack pt.

engineered vascular grafts

Leukemia and Cancer

pt treated emerge free from leukemia. also reduce pancreatic cancers in some pt.

rheumatoid arthritis

adult stem cells-->jump-starting repair of eroded cartilage.

type 1 DM

pancreatic cells do not produce insulin. Embryonic stem cells might be trained to become pancreatic islets cells

Drug delivery to brain

used in brain disorders. harvest neural stem cells from patient's brain, coaxed to proliferate outside, genetically engineered, then re-implanted to deliver a drug that normally cannot pass BBB.

organs regenaration??

neural stem cells in Hippocampus--regenerate neurons and glial cells

technical challenges

source of cell lines may have mutations---eg: mutations can lead to leukemia

delivery to target area

prevention of rejection

suppressing tumor

importance

allow study on development and genetics

can replace diseased or damaged cells

test different substances

potential to give rise to specialized cell types

blank cells (unspecialized)