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PROSPECTIVE MEMORY (Attention to delayed intention model (Encoding:
PM…
PROSPECTIVE MEMORY
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3 types
- Event-based task
- Time-based task
- Activity-based task
- Retrospective component rimembering what to do
- Prospective component rimembering when to do
Multiphase functuion
- Intention formation
- intention retention, i remember the planification. it's a retrospective component
- intention initiation
- intention execution
Multiprocess view
PM mediated by
- Strategic monitoring, top-down attentional monitoring, strategy to maintain the intention, in the maintainance phase of PM
- Spontaneous retrieval, bottom up, automatic process
Factor influencing
- SALIENCE OF THE PM CUE
- IMPORTANCE OF THE ONGOING AND THE PM TASK
- LOAD OF THE ONGOING TASK
- ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CUE-INTENTION
- NUMBER OF INTENTIONS
- INDIVIDUAL FEATURES
- FOCALITY OF THE TASK
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Test-wait-test-exit
- test time (by checking the clock)
- If the time is not correct, individuals wait for a period of time
until another test seems appropriate
- exit of this loop happens when the critical time occurs
implications of failures in PM can be dramatic
under some circumstances, especially for older
individuals for whom medication adherence
There are two kinds of tasks:
- laboratory-based PM task
- naturalistic task
Y better in laboratory, O better in naturalistic
Age PM paradox!
- external cues
- motivation
- less busy everyday life
- personalty factors
- exp with time management
- fewer distractors
- awareness of their memory
PM is characterized
by a higher recruitment of self-initiated
processes and the lowest extent of
environmental support as compared to
retrospective memory tasks
- but larger age-related impairment for retrospective than for
prospective memory
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goal maintenance account
- age-related decline in PM performance is
due to difficulties in executive control
- the ability to maintain
and update goal-related contextual
information to guide task performance
- related to a decline in
efficiency of prefrontal cortex (PFC)
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Neural basis
aPFC is a gateway: mediates competition between stimuli oriented or indipendent
- activation of bilateral BA10
- deactivation of medial BA10
- superior parietal lobule
- precuneus
- inferior parietal lobule
- DLPFC
- cingulate cortices
- insula
- medial temporal regions
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