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PREVENTION (Vitamins e Minerals (B6 vitamin (pyridoxine) e B12 (cobalamin)…
PREVENTION
Ten percent of persons older than 65,
50% of those older than 85 years have AD
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AD risk factor
- Genetic
- clinical
- environmental
- vascular (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking)
prophilaxes
- primary: avoidance of age-related decline
- secondary: prevention or slowing progression MCI to dementia
- tertiary: treatment of dementia
- AB and tau aggregation inhibitors
- antioxidants
- anti-inflammatory compounds
- cognitive enhancers or facilitators
- neuroprotective agents
- pleiotropic interventions
Vitamins e Minerals
B1 vitamin (Thiamine) exist in
- grain cereals
- orhan meats
- milk
- vegetables
Low thiamine diet causes
- impaired cognitive performance
- brain damage
- blood-brain barrier dysfunction
- intracellular edema
High thiamine
- improvement in ADAS (AD scale)
- scores in MMSE
- Low is not asociated to AD
B2 vitamin (ribofralin) is in the same products as B1
- improve cognitive performance
- better MMSE
- low B2 is not associated to AD
B6 vitamin (pyridoxine) e B12 (cobalamin) come from meat, poultry, seafood, eggs, cereals
Low B6
- worst motor skills
high dose improve LTM
- Low associated with AD
Low B12 associated to faster rate of cognitive decline, especially in APOEe4 carries.
It causes a reversible cause of dementia
Folates (B9)
- green leafe vegetables: spinach, parsley, romaine lettuce,
- asparagus, cauliflower, broccoli, beets
- legumes
Folate supplemention
- improves cognitive scores in aged patients with cognitive impairment
- improve cognition in O
- in mices APOE-deficient, idecrement in the amount of oxidative = mices getting well
- high folate dietary protects against cognitive decline
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B12, B6, Folate are antioxydant e antiinflammatory. they interact in the metabolism of homocysteine
It's neurotoxic and it's a risk factor for vascular desease and dementia
Vitamin C e E
- powerful antioxidant
- better cognitive performance with vitamin C
- high C e E higher MMSE scores
- Low lower MMSE scores
Chromium
It's a trace mineral used in insulin receptor signal. It amplify insulin signal
Chromium supplementation increases activation in thalamus e frontal cortex
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Other supplements
Garlic
- reduce cardiovascular risk factors and their impact on developing AD
- antioxidant
- reduce homocysteine
Ginko Biloba
- antiinflammatory e antioxidant
- improvement in cognitive scales
Alcohol
- low moderate consume decrease risk of dementia
Caffeine
- peak in plasma after 45-120 min, halflife 2.5-4.5 h
- facilitate learning in passively tasks
- boost cognitive performance among fatigued individuals
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Protective factors
- physical exercise
- cognitive engagement
- social engagement
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It's difficult to isolate depression from dementia:
- patients with dementia have a higher prevalence of depression
- depression can be a prodromal sign of dementia
- depression as a risk factor
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