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Women's Health and Gender Issues (Exclusions in Health Research…
Women's Health and Gender Issues
Nature
vs.
Nurture
Nature:
Biologically determined
Nurture:
Socially constructed
Feminist Approach
Emphasis on intersection of gender and class with other social, sexual, and geographic locations
Sex
vs.
Gender
Sex:
Bodies - Anatomy, physiology, genes, hormones
Gender:
Culturally based, historically specific
Exclusions in Health Research
Lesbian
Gay
Bisexual
Transgender
Queer
Discrimination
Sexual-minority women
Gender-minority women
Male/Female vs. Masculine/Feminine
Male/Female:
Physiological aspects of difference
Masculine/Feminine:
Differences associated more with the environment
Factors that shape health
Healthy Child Development
Women's Health Movement
Decline in teen pregnancies
New services
Better education
Support for pregnant mothers
Contraceptive (Birth Control)
Midwifery
Public Care
Health-care professionals
Environmental Contaminants
Food
Air
Water
Households
Paid workplaces
Spouse
Spousal physical & sexual assault
Health Services
Increased women in medical professions
Care for women, by women
Public health care system
Women's Health Movement
Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills; Social Support Networks; Social and Physical Environments
Pressure from social networks and cultural communities
Shaped by social and physical environments (Other social determinants of health)
Unreciprocated social support
Women take primary responsibility for health promotion in the home
Social networks help women cope
Education and Social Status, Income, and Employment
Education = Indicator of social status
Education impacts the job opportunities and income
Women are exceeding men in regards to education levels
More women than men living below poverty line
Higher education does not necessarily mean higher income
Women make lower income than men
Improvements must be made
Women's services have been cut
Many temporary care-worker brought to Canada
Health services for refugees cancelled