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COGNITIVE RESERVE (Active Models (Plasticity and resilience of cognitive…
COGNITIVE RESERVE
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Passive Models
- Brain reserve
- Neuronal reserve
- Treshold
Treshold 1993:
- construct "brain reserve capacity BRC"
- BRC is brain size and neuronal count
- individual variation on BRC
- education is index of BRC
- critical treshold of BRC, once depleted deficits emerge
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Active Models
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exercise and environmental stimulation can activate brain plasticity mechanisms and remodel neuronal circuitry in brain
- increase vascularization
- neuronal survival and resistance to brain insults
- BDNF
- serotonin, dopamine
- IGF-1
- neurogenesis in the dentate
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3 factors to understand desease:
- cognitive performance
- cognitive reserve
- pathological burden
CR is task or person specific?
individual charateristics or cumulative exp?
intelligence? it's stable across life, influenced by desease
education e rCBF
matched for severity of dementia, parietotemperal e CBF deficit greater in person with more yr of education. Similar results for occupation e leisure activities
higher edu correlate negatively with cerebral metabolism in prefrontal, premotor, left superior parietal association areas
WMHs are the consequences of small vessel desease: they are associated with increased risk of dementia or cognitive decline
in women cognitive reserve and WMHs have a correlation of 0.23-0.46 including EF, speed or language variable
- women with hihj CR have more severe WMHs pathology
Evaluation
- measure of pathology
- measure of CR (education, IQ, fMRI)
It's important for
- early diagnosis
- prognosis
- measuring progression
- assessing the effect of interventions
In load-dependent activation
- primary network expressed by Y e O
- Higher expression of the primary network neural reserve
- second compensatory network in O neural compensation
CR allow people to better maintain function in multiple activities and cognitive domains in face of brain pathology
In Y there's a network that represents a neural instantiation of CR, associated with executive and control processes (frontal network)