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Pendukung Implementasi (♦♦Interfaces in Java (Notification based (−AWT 1.0…
Pendukung Implementasi
♦♦ElemenSistemWindowing
−Pemograman terminal abstrakdevice drivers
−Model citra untuk output dan (sebagian) input
pixels
PostScript (MacOS X, NextStep)
Graphical Kernel System (GKS)
Programmers' Hierarchical Interface to Graphics (PHIGS)
♦♦Pemakaian bersama sumber daya
−Pencapaian secara bersama tugas-tugas pengguna.
−Sistem window mendukung proses-proses independen.
−Isolasi aplikasi individual
♦♦roles of a windowing system
Apllication Program >windowing system(multiple application system ,device independence)>input(mouse/keyboard)
♦♦Architectures of windowing systems
each application manages all processes
management role within kernel of operating system
management role as separate application
♦♦The client-server architecture
Client >server>devices
♦♦X Windows architecture
pixel imaging model with some pointing mechanism
X protocol defines server-client communication
separate window manager client enforces policies for input/output
−how to change input focus
−tiled vs. overlapping windows
−inter-client data transfer
♦♦PemogramanAplikasi
read-evaluation loop
notification-based
Berbasispemberitahuan(notifikasi) dimanaloop control utamauntukproses event tidakadadalamaplikasi
♦♦MenggunakanAlatBantu
Interaksiobjek
−Input danoutput padahakikatnyasalingterhubung
Toolkits menyediakanlevel abstraksi
−Pemogramandenganinteraksiobjek( atauteknik-teknik, widget, gadgets)
−Mempromosikankonsistensidangeneralisasimelaluilook and feel ( lihatdanrasakan) yang mirip.
−Dapatmenerimapemrogramanberbasisobjek
♦♦Interfaces in Java
Java toolkit –AWT (abstract windowing toolkit)
Java classes for buttons, menus, etc.
Notification based
−AWT 1.0 –need to subclass basic widgets
−AWT 1.1 and beyond -–callbackobjects
•Swing toolkit
−built on top of AWT –higher level features
−uses MVC architecture (see later)
♦♦User Interface Management Systems (UIMS)
UIMS menambahkanlevel toolkits (alatbantu)
−toolkits too difficult for non-programmers
concerns of UIMS
−conceptual architecture
−implementation techniques
−support infrastructure
non-UIMS terms:
−UI development system (UIDS)
−UI development environment (UIDE)
UIMS Sebagai sebuah arsitektur konseptual
Menyediakan pemisahan di antara sematik aplikasi dan presentasi
improves:
−portability –runs on different systems
−reusability –components reused cutting costs
−multiple interfaces –accessing same functionality
−customizability –by designer and user