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Skull (Cranial Bones (Temporal (Styloid process: attachment for tendons of…
Skull
Cranial Bones
Occipital
Foreman Magnum - connects cranial and spinal cavities
- Medulla oblongata exits
- CN XI (accessory n.) enters
- Vertebral arteries enter
Hypoglossal canal - exits for hypoglossal nerve.
- CN XII: motor control to tongue
Jugular Process - forms jugular foramen with temporal bone
- Glossopharyngeal N. (CN. IX) exits
- Vagus N. (CN. X) exits
- Accessory N. (CN XI) exits
- Internal Jugular vein exits
Temporal
- Styloid process: attachment for tendons of muscles
- Mastoid Process: air cells help equalize pressure in middle ear
-sterncleidomastoid muscle
- Petrous part: encloses structure of inner ear
- Mandibular fossa: articulates with mandible
- Zygomatic arch --> cheek bone
- External acoustic meatus: separated from middle ear of tympanic membrane
Internal acoustic/auditory meatus/ foramen
- CN VII enters skull
- CN VIII enters skull
External acoustic/ auditory meatus/ foramen
-conducts sound to eardrumCarotid canal/foramen: located in petrous portion of temporal bone
Path of ICA
- Cerebral arterial cirle of willis
- Carotid groove
Foramen lacerum
- Carotid canal
- External opening
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Ear
- External Auditory Meatus
- Bones of Middle Ear:
- Malleus: hammer
- Incus: anvil
- Stapes: stirrup
Sphenoid
Functions of Sphenoid
- large contributor to floor of cranium
- unites cranial and facial bones
- contains sphenoid sinus
Sphenoid bone features
- sella turcica aka hypophyseal fossa
- Anterior posterior clinoid processes: attachment site for dural covering of brain - allow to form tent over pituitary gland
- Sphenoid sinus is deepest sinus in the head - it is lined with the mucus membrane
- Pterygoid processes are attachment sites for muscles of mastication
SOF
- CN III,IV,VI, superior opthalmic vein
IOF
- V2, Inferior ophthalmic vein
Ethmoid
- Forms anteromedial floor of cranium
- Roof of nasal cavity
- Contains superior and middle conchae
-Narrow curled bone
-Protrudes into breathing
-Spongy bone that warms and humidifies
- contains ethmoidal air cells (network of sinuses)
Foramen
- Foramen Rotundum: directly below SOF -> CN V2
- Foramen Ovale: CN V3
- Foramen Spinosum: Middle meningeal artery
- Foramen lacerum: ICA after leaving carotid canal, covered by cartilage
Viscerocranium
Vomer
- separates posterior nasal cavity into left and right
- attaches to sphenoid bone
- inferior portions joins anterior nasal cartilage and perpendicular plate of ethmoid to form nasal septum
Facial Bone
Inferior Nasal Concha
- arises from maxilla and projects into nasal cavity
- Located in lateral wall nasal cavity
- hollow bone: long, narrow and curled increased SA (warms and humidifies air because of the mucus membrane)
Nasal & Lacrimal
- Separated by frontal prcoess of maxilla
- Lacrimal bone
-located between maxilla and ethmoid
-catches tears and drains into nasal cavity
Palatine
- forms the hard part of mouth
- vertical portion forms small part of posterior part of orbital floor
Choanae
- Boundaries
-Superior: body of sphenoid
-Inferior: horizontal plate of palatine
-Medial: vomer
-Lateral: medial pterygoid plate
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Mandible
- Forms lower jaw
- Articulates with temporal bone via temporo-mandibular joint
Paranasal Sinuses
- Air-filled chambers
- connected to nasal cavities
- lighten skull bones
- provide mucus epithelium
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