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Secularisation (Processes (Disengagement (The lack of intervention of…
Secularisation
Processes
Disengagement
The lack of intervention of religion in other areas of life. In religious societies such as Iran, Islam is involved in all aspects of social life including law and politics
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Pluralism
Religion ceases to claim it represents the only truth and recognise other belief systems as legitimate
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Problems with stats
Evidence is not conclusive and Always need to be cautious with stats, vicars in the 19th century would lie about attendance as they wanted good figures. David martin found that high attendance during Victorian time was more to do with respectability than belief
Similarly low attendances now do not necessarily mean that there has been a decline in religious belief, and people may express their belief in more personal ways
There are differences in the way membership figures are collected in different churches, members of the catholic church and C of E are taken to be those who are baptised and confirmed. The church of wales bases its figures on those who attend easter communion
Steve Bruce, Bryan Wilson and David Voas have interpreted these figures as evidence for secularisation thesis, others such as Rodney stark and grace davie read them in a completely different way
Beliefs
Statistics show that belief of god has declined rapidly, whilst the belief of heaven is at the same rate, belief in hell and reincarnation is slowly increasing
belief in god and in life after death by decade of birth, belief in god has declined and belief in afterlife has increased
So belief in life after death but no god has increased massively, belief in god and no life after death has declined massively, god and life after death has declined, no god and no life after death has stayed the same.
Disengagement (more)
This involves a progressive distances of the institutions of secular society from religious organisations
Religion lose their role in the public sphere (the power to either govern in their own right or influence or dictate the direction of secular policies)
Religion doesn't disappear, as such, but is largely restricted to the private sphere of personal beliefs - it becomes purely a matter of individual conscience
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Religious identity
between 1983 and 2008 percentage of people identifying as not religious has increased from 31% to 43%, Christianity has decreased from 67% to 50% and non-Christian 2 to 7%
Identity as a Christian has declined from around 85% to around 55%, however women remained significantly higher throughout
Age and gender
under 20 has decreased the most, followed by 20 - 44, followed by a small decrease in 45-64, whilst 65 and over have increased slightly
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What is secularisation
Made up of a decline of religion in 3 ways: Thinking - the influence of religion on values and beliefs. Practice - The things people do and institutions - the influence of religion on a wider society.