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Transfer of data in ICT system (Standards (Defacto (Example (PDF by Adobe,…
Transfer of data in ICT system
Intranet and Extranet
Intranet
Private internet for an organisation to communicate with itself,therefore accessible to the outside world
Intranet is a network of computers that allow sharing of information in a user-friendly fashion
Example
Eastbury intranet of web pages with information for students/teachers
Extranet
Collection of a number of intranets and is spread over the whole of a company with the intranets being the branches
Example
Eastbury intranet is accesible to students from home (email&docs)
LAN & WAN
LAN (local area network)
Computer netowrk that interconnects computers within a limited area such as home,schoo,computer,laboratory or office building
Physical connection is possible,eg.copper/fibre-optic cable- but wireless can be used
Hardware/software needed:router,firewall,modem,web browser,email software,antivirus software
Operates at high speeds due to the small distances that the signals need to travel therefore giving them a low latency (Delay)
WAN
A set of links that connect geographically remote computers and local networks (eg.over continents)
May make use of satellite,radio or microwaves
Advantages
Staff/students can communicate across sites
Software available across sites
Data files available across sites
Disadvantages
Data not available if communication link fails
Virruses spread easily between between sites
Slow transmission speeds between sites
Connecting computers in different locations,eg.continents
Advantages
Can share files/info
Access own files stored on network
Can communicate with other LAN users
No need to worry about taking copies of important work
Can access intranet for school information,etc
Disadvantages
Slow response if network use is heavy
Spread of viruses more quickly
Limited server storage capacity
If server fails then no access to nerwork
Limited storage capacity on server
Internet and WWW
Internet
It's series of interlinked networks which cover the world
Accessing the internet
An ICT device (computer,tablet,mobile)
A telephone line(standard/wireless)
A modem
Connection via an ISP (internet service provider)
Internet broswer software
Advantages(clothing retailer)
Customer saves travel cost
Customers save time searching for what they want
DIsabled people can shop from home
More convenient/avoid crowds
Disadvantages
Can try on clothes
Credit card fraud
Time delay between purchase and receipt of goods
WWW
The world wide web is a collection of information held in multimedia for,which is hosted by the internet
It is part of the internet but it is much younger
The complete web is organised as millions of web sites
Each page is made up of text,images or multimedia such as video and sounds
Data transfer media
Copper cable - twisted pair cable
It has 8 colours - coded with each related pair twisted around one another
One GB is the standard speed however if a higher speed is required it will be expensive
Used for phone lines - slow transfer rates for larger LAN's
Copper cable -coaxial cable
Made contraining a solid copper core surrounded
Normally used for television wiring,this is because it has enough bandwith to handle a television signal over
Not as efficient as twisted cable
Well insulated to protect against interference
Wireless network
Doesn't require cables which is a huge advantage
Radio waves carry data at high speeds
Alternative to set up a network with copper or fibre cables
Fibre optic cable
It is made of thin glass
Good for high speeds data transmission
Works by flashing light along its length
It is more expensive that ordinary UTP network cable
Standards
They are needed so that many different types of devices can be connected to any computer system
Eg, digital camera and mobile phones
A standard way of connecting a digital camera would be to use the universal Serial BUS (USB)
How to connect to a computer (digital camera)
Digital camera uses a stndard (USB) to connect to the computer and transfer images
The computer can then send these images to aother comuter elsewhere in the world
Once you connect the digital camera how is it possible for images to be viewed on any computer
Made possibly by the images being in a recognised format such as jpeg, so the receiving machine can display them correctly
Jpeg is a universal format which all devices should be able to recognise
Explain why standards are needed when transferring data from one device to another on a network
Standards are needed for the succesful transfer of documents. An example would be portable document format (PDF). The successful use of hyperlinks on web pages requires the HTTP standard
Defacto
No formal agreeement in place
A standard has become commonly used
Example
PDF by Adobe
JPEG as a standard image format
Dejure
Legally binding industry standards that manufactures have to agree to work to
Solves compatibility issues
Example
Wi-fi
ASCII- binary