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Sociology - Unit 3 - AOS - Ethnicity (Definition of Terms (The '…
Sociology - Unit 3 - AOS - Ethnicity
Definition of Terms
Cultural Relativism
The practice of judging a culture by its own standards
The 'Other'
Labeling of a group of people who are seen as 'outsiders' by the dominant culture
Experience of exclusion felt by those considered to be outside of the center of societal values and beliefs.
Ethnocentrism
The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture
Hybridity
New cultural forms resulting from a mixture of two or more cultural influences.
Asylum Seekers
A person who has fled their own country and applies to the government of another country for protection as a refugee.
Ethnicity
Social groups, categorized by a distinctive way of life with set customary values
Migrant
People who leave their country of origin voluntarily to seek a better life for a range of personal economic reasons.
Made the choice to leave, had a chance to plan and prepare. Can return at any time
Race
Socially-constructed category of people who stare biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important
Refugee
A person who is outside their own country and is unable or unwilling to return due to a well-rounded fear.
Immigrant
Comes to live permanently in a foreign country
Emigrant
Leaves one place to settle in another
Comparative Method
Refers to analysis involving the similarities and differeces in experiences between cultures and across nations
Moral Panic
When society becomes convinced that is under threat by a group or social activity
Multiculturalism
Expectations that all members of society have equal rights to services and expression of cultural identity regardless of ethnic background
Social
: raised awareness, multicultural nation
Political
: Pauline Hanson wants to abolish multiculturalism
Economic
: different food franchises
Principles
Principle 1
- Celebrates and values benefits of cultural diversity, within the broader aims of national unity
Principle 2
- A just, inclusive and socially-cohesive society, where where everyone can participate in the opportunities that Australia offers
Principle 3
- Australia welcomes the economic, trade and investment benefits which arise from our successful multicultural nation
Principle 4
- act to promote understanding and acceptance while responding to expressions of intolerance and discrimination with strength and where necessary with the force of the law
Assimilation
Ethnic belief that migrants should adopt to customs of a dominant culture
Politica
l: Provides basis for new policy by one bation
Economic
: Lack of job opportunities
Social:
Loss of culture, Loss of identity
Experiences of Hybridity
Assimilation: Adopt new culture/reject old
Withdrawl: reject new culture/preserve old
Marginalisation: reject old and new culture
Integration: maintain important parts of old culture and adopt parts of new
Cultural Hybridity
Stuart Hall
Develop connections accross cultural groups
Forms blended ethnic identity
People have multiple identities
Hami Bhabha
Position of inbetween
shift from 1 culture to assimilation into another
2nd generation migrants
Immigration
Social:
Intermarriage between individuals
Political
Raise the dispute levels against political party
Economic
: Positive impact on Australia economic
Australia Diversity Compared to Others
Australia
5.74 migrants per 100,000 population
English, Australian, Irish, Scottish, Italian, German, Chinese, Indian, Greeks, Dutch ETC
Religion: Protestant, Catholic, Buddhist, Mulsim
Canada
5.66 migrants per 100,000 population
Canadian, English, French, Scottish, Irish
Religion: Catholic, orthodox, Baptist
Japan
0 migrants per 1000 population
98.5 Japanese, 0.5 Korean
Hunanitarian Program
Refers to a category of migration allowing individuals and their immediate family living outside of their home country who have been subject to a gross violation of their human rights in their home country to seek refuge in Australia
Designed to help people who are subject to substantial discrimination amounting to a serious violation of their human rights in their home country
One Nation
Immigration
Opposed to asylum-seekers arriving by boat
Supports a zero net immigration policy
Multiculturalism
Believes that multiculturalism has failed and should be replaced with assimilation