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Pompeii (The eruption (in the days leading up to the eruption there were…
Pompeii
The eruption
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The Plinys
Pliny the elder was the commander of the roman fleet at macenum, he was most famous for his encyclopaedia of the natural world
Pliny the younger wrote letters to the historian Tacitus, which give us an insight into what happened
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According to Pliny, the first stage of the eruption was a column of hot gas and pumice bursting out of the mountain
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Unfortunately for Pompeii they were downwind (South) of the eruption and so the column blew towards them, this is one reason why the site differs from Herculaneum
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12 hours after the beginning of the eruption there was a lull, people thought this meant that the worst was over so they tried to make their escape, however it in fact meant that a new and more awful stage was to come...
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After the eruption Titus rushed to the Bay of Naples to aid the relief effort, looters tried to dig down to take valuables off the bodies
Pompeii was then forgotten for many years and became overgrown, before it was rediscovered in the 18th century
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Rediscovery
When an inscription was found saying Pompeii by workmen in 1689 it was not recognised to be related to the city of Pompeii as it was similar to the name of the Roman general Pompey and so they assumed it was to do with him
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It was known for certain that they had found Pompeii when they found an inscription saying 'to the community of the Pompeiians
the Via dell'Abbondanza took its name from the fountain head of one of its fountains, labelled 'Abundantia'
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Pompeii was damaged during the war as the allies used over 150 bombs to bomb it, believing German soldiers were hiding in the ruins. Some key buildings were hit including the temple of Jupiter, the amphitheatre, the gladiators' barracks and the House of the Faun
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There are over 15,000 buildings to maintain
Layout (also learn map)
The amphitheatre
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an Estimated capacity from 10,000 to over 20,000
More than population of Pompeii, which shows that people came from elsewhere
Gates and Streets
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All roads covered in graffiti, similar to today
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The street just beyond the Herculaneum gate is called the street of tombs, because there were tombs along the side of the street
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Water systems
An aqueduct is a water bridge, fed by nearby springs, one branch went to Pompeii
A Castellum Aquae was a water storage facility, water was filtered here and then sent through three ducts to the water towers
The water towers dotted around the city were toweres with a lead tank on top , which adjusted the pressure of the pipes and then sent water to the fountains and baths
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Herculaneum
Destruction
the location meant the eruption affected it differently to Pompeii because... #
It was not downwind of the eruption so avoided the rainshower of volcanic material during the Plinian stage
Its proximity to the volcano meant it was doomed because it was directly in the path of the pyroclastic surges
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The people of Pompeii would have been overwhelmed by one of the early surges and killed by thermal shock
Rediscovery
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The theatre was ransacked when it was originally excavated so none of the original decoration survives today
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Housing
The main house that has been found in Herculaneum is the house of the wooden partition (look at floorplan)
The facade is one of the best preserved of any in Pompeii and Herculaneum,
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The partition (from which the house got its name), which lay between the atrium and the tablinum, would have been used by the owners to create privacy from the atrium
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